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Chapter 6: Case studies Figure 75: Conceptual scheme of the solar ORC (Orosz, 2010) the expander exhaust and the pump outlet. This superheated exhaust is also readily exploitable for cogeneration, requiring an additional heat exchanger which can be positioned in series with or parallel to the recuperator. In the proposed system the cycle heat exchangers (evaporator, recuperator and condenser) are sized to obtain the required pinch point and pressure drop. The working fluid is condensed in an air condenser to avoid unnecessary water consumption (but at the expense of non-negligible fan consumption) and then repressurized in a piston pump. The expansion process is performed by one or two modified HVAC hermetic scroll machines assembled in series. Cogeneration is obtained with the additional plate heat exchanger installed between the expander and the recuperator to produce hot water in addition to electricity, depending on the local demand. 1.3 Modeling In this section, a steady-state model of the system presented in Figure 75 is developed, for the rating and sizing of the different components and to optimize the working conditions on a nominal point. The transient behavior of the solar source is not taken into account here and an average insolation is utilized. It is assumed that the storage is sized in such a way to maintain almost constant heat transfer fluid flow rate and temperature during the operating time of the system: the ORC engine is assumed to stand by in case of insufficient solar insolation to meet temperature requirements and to avoid part load conditions that might reduce the cycle efficiency. In practice this means that during periods of low insolation, the time to charge the storage to the set operational point is longer than the operating time of the ORC engine. In light of this steady state hypothesis, the storage tank is not modeled. The water heating heat exchanger is also neglected, since the main goal of the model is to evaluate the electricity generation potential of the system. The solar ORC is modeled within the EES environment: the models developed in Chapter 4 are exploited for the ORC components, a new model is developed for the parabolic trough. Since a nominal size (or power) must be set, the proposed model is a hybrid between a simulation model and a sizing model: on one hand, the design, the size and the parameters of the collector are set according to the collector 4PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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