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Chapter 6: Case studies Figure 74: First solar ORC prototype, installed by STG in Lesotho, 2007 materials and manufacture of the absorber units, heat exchangers, fluid manifolds and parabolic troughs. Because no thermal power blocks are currently manufactured in the kilowatt range, a small-scale ORC has to be designed for this application. The design is based on modified commercially available components e.g. HVAC scroll compressors (for the expander), and industrial pumps and heat exchangers. It should be noted that the main challenge for ORC development is the high cost of specially designed expander-generator equipment. The goal of this work is to design and dimension an improved solar ORC unit to be installed in a rural clinic in Berea District of Lesotho and to evaluate its performance with different working fluids. The main characteristics of this unit are the following: ➢ Target net output power: 3kWe ➢ Collector field: 75m2 single-axis parabolic trough, using Miro aluminum reflectors and a Heat Collection Element (HCE) with selective coating and air-filled annulus between absorber pipe and glazing. ➢ ORC: One or two stage expansion of HFC-245fa using modified commercial HVAC compressors, brazed plate heat exchangers for high pressure heat transfer, and commercial HVAC tubes-and-fins air condenser for heat rejection. ➢ Heat transfer fluid (HTF): Monoethylene glycol (MEG) with thermal buffering in a thermal storage tank with a 2m3 packed bed of 19mm quartzite. The heat transfer fluid is heated up in the collector field and driven to the evaporator by the heat transfer fluid pump. A thermal storage is installed to attenuate the fast fluctuations of solar irradiation during the day and to maintain stable operation of the ORC engine (Figure 75). In an ORC with a ‘dry’ fluid, recuperation from the superheated exhaust to the subcooled liquid is typically achieved with a recuperator interposed between 3PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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