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Touchard 11 7) Wireelectrodeparalleltoaconductingcylinder Hyun and Chun [30] made experiments on a cylinder of diameter 6 cm placed in a wind tunnel with a maximum velocity of 2.5 m/s. A thin aluminum foil covered the cylinder surface and is used as the grounded electrode. Two thin stainless steel wires (diameter 0.09 mm) are both connected to the high voltage supply and placed over and under the horizontal diameter of the cylinder (figure 41). Four different positions are tested (figure 42). In position 1 the two wires are upstream the cylinder. In position 2 the two wires are on the vertical diameter line of the cylinder and in positions 3 and 4 downstream the cylinder. Experiments were made for different voltage applied to the wires placed in the different positions and visualization of the flow was recorded. In any wires position, the electric wind generated by the wires had an important effect on the flow pattern. wire and -11 kV to -13 kV for the aluminum foil. +H.V. -H.V. Fig. 43. Experimental setup performed by E. Moreau and al (general view). +H.V. -H.V. H.V. Fig. 41. Experimental setup performed by K.T. Hyun and al (general view). Fig. 44. Experimental setup performed by E. Moreau and al (side view). Visualizations were made for plate inclination varying from 0° to 50° referred to the stream velocity. The velocity was varying from 0.35 m/s to 1.1 m/s. Without applied voltages, as we have seen in § II A, when the plate is inclined a big eddy developed downstream the stagnation point. When the voltage is applied the flow is reattached up to 30° for the lower velocity and up to 15° for the higher one. Then, for a flat plate parallel to the stream velocity several other electrode configurations were tested: - wire stuck on the plate a few cm downstream the leading edge and the aluminum foil 4 cm more downstream, - same than previously but the wire in a groove - two wire electrodes, each of them placed in a groove We are going, following to examine this last configuration which seemed to give the most reliable results. 9) Two wire electrodes inserted in grooves on a flat plate In this configuration perfected by Léger and al [34] two wire electrodes were inserted in grooves made inside a plastic plate. In order to reduce flow perturbations due to the wire, the size of the grooves were such that the upper surface of the wires were aligned with the plate surface and the width of the grooves fitted perfectly the wires diameter. In a typical configuration which generate a strong electric wind (up to 3.5 m/s), the thinner wire (0.6 mm in diameter) is placed upstream while the wider one (2 mm in diameter) is placed 40 mm downstream Position 1 Position 2 H.V. Position 3 Position 4 Fig. 42. Experimental setup performed by K.T. Hyun and al (side view). 8) Wire and metallic sheet electrode both flush mounted against an inclined plate Moreau and Léger made a lot of experiments with this actuator [31-33]. It is composed of a metallic wire, 0.9 mm of diameter stuck at the stagnation point of the plate while an aluminum sheet 25 mm wide is stuck 40 mm downstream from the wire. The plate is 280 mm wide and 150 mm long (figure 43 and figure 44). The aluminum foil is connected to negative High voltage supply while the wire is connected to a positive one. The potential applied were 18 kV to 20 kV for thePDF Image | Plasma actuators for aeronautics applications
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