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20 International Journal of Plasma Environmental Science and Technology Vol.2, No.1, MARCH 2008 8) DBDactuatorsperformingajet potential difference between the electrodes 5 kV 0 actuator energized actuator non energized 1/fp a)Annular plasma synthetic jet actuator One actuator has been performed by Santhanakrishnan and al [53] to produce an annular synthetic jet or suction. A typical arrangement performed (figure 73 and 74) consisted of a 0.6 mm thick alumina ceramic sheet and one copper electrode on each side. The alumina ceramic was used as dielectric barrier. One electrode was annular 25.4 mm in outer diameter, the other electrode was circular 12.7 mm in diameter. The center of each electrode was common (axially symmetric device). The inner diameter of the annular electrode was either equal to the diameter of the circular electrode or 1 to 2 mm smaller in order to have 1 to 2 mm of overlap. The upper electrode was in contact with air while the lower one was embedded (all the setup above describe was placed over a layer of non-conductive material, such as acrylic or P.M.M.A.). Fig. 75. High voltage pulses configuration.. b)Bi-dimensional directional jet actuator A bi-dimensional jet actuator has been performed by Bénard and al [54]. The originality of this device was the possibility to orient the jet produced. It was composed of two DBD actuators connected to two AC High Voltage power supplies working simultaneously (figure 76). The two lower electrodes (under the plate) were grounded while the two upper electrodes were connected to two power supplies synchronized. The electrodes were made of aluminum foils (20-mm-large and 200-mm-long). The two lower electrodes were separated by 3 mm in order to measure the current on each one. The two upper electrodes were separated by 43 mm. Thus, between the edge of each upper electrode and the edge of the corresponding lower electrode no gap existed. The plate was 3 mm thick and made of PMMA. pulse H.V. Fig. 73. General view of the actuator. pulse H.V. synchronizer A.C. H.V. 1 A.C. H.V. 2 Fig. 74. Side view of the actuator. The high voltage was obtained with a function generator connected to a power supply itself connected to the input of a non-inductively matched step-up transformer whose output is sent to the electrodes. Typically, the high voltage pulses were 5 kV in amplitude, 2.8 kHz in frequency of square waves with 50% duty cycle (figure 75). The electrodes were energized by the high voltage at different frequencies (1Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz) called pulsing frequency (fp) and also constantly. This actuator could perform jets up to around 1 m/s. Fig. 76. General view of the actuators. We can see in figure 77 a diagram of the electrical circuit. The two high voltages were given by two different high voltage amplifiers. Theses two amplifiers were supplied by two function generators operating at the same frequency (typically 1 kHz) and with a sinusoidal signal. In order to measure the current used by each DBD actuator, a resistor R was inserted between the lower electrodes and the ground. The potentials applied to the electrodes and the currents of the discharges were visualized on an oscilloscope and recorded.PDF Image | Plasma actuators for aeronautics applications
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