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Experimental Design By exploratory studies, the controllable factors in this experiment are pressure, temperature, retention time, co-solvent and numbers of rapid depressurizations. For a multi-factor experiment, factorial experiments at three levels would be appropriate for a systematic investigation on both the linear and quadratic effects of the parameters. However, the full factorial experiments will need 35 = 243 runs to finish the study. In order to save time and expenditure, we reduce the level of retention time to two levels by referring to the previous exploratory studies that the SCF CO2 treatment is effective in assistance of delaminating PCBs at 4 and 7 hours, respectively, with and without water added as co-solvent. Co-solvent effect can be investigated by comparison between the result from SCF CO2 with co-solvent treatment and result from pure CO2 treatment, which can reduce one level of the co-solvent effect studies. In this way, the total tests for a systematic study of SCF CO2 treatment of PCBs have already been set at 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 = 36 runs. Because of the time limit, effect from varying numbers of rapid depressurizations will not be investigated in this study, while three times of rapid depressurization will be run in each test to enable the foaming effect largely induced. Based on the exploratory studies, pressure levels at 2000, 4000 and 6000 psi are selected to investigate the effect from pressure variations. Temperature levels are set at 150 C, 200 C and 250 C, based on the Tg tests and equipment availability. Time for study is set at 3 and 6 hours to test the time change effect, with one hour purposely reduced from retention time in exploratory studies to test if the retention time could be reduced to a low level. The experiment factors and levels are shown in table 8. Table 8 Experiment factors and levels for the SCF test Factor Level 012 A. Pressure (psi) 2000 4000 6000 B. Temperature (°C) 150 200 250 C. Reaction time (hour) 3 D. Co-solvent (mol %) 0 E: Depressurization (times) 33 3 Since all experimental runs have three rapid depressurizations evenly distributed in the reaction processes, the five experimental factors are reduced to four factors. Experimental Procedures For each run of the experiment, the following steps are carried out for study of PCB treatment in SCF CO2. A representative flowchart for the experimental procedures is demonstrated in figure 4. 1). System preparation: After five PCB specimen weighted by an OHAUS electronic balance with 0.01g accuracy, the boards (and co-solvent) are fed into the vessel; the system is then pre-pressurized with CO2 to approximately 1/5 of the target pressure. The reactor is heated to the target temperature with the pressure maintained constant. 2). Treatment process: The reactor is pressurized with CO2 directly to the target pressure with temperature maintained constant. Then the gas booster is stopped with pressure maintained by the check valve. The constant pressure and temperature exert steady supercritical fluid CO2 treatment on the PCB specimen and the treatment of PCB specimen will be kept for a 6 7 10PDF Image | Recycling Printed Circuit Board Wastes Through Supercritical Fluid Delaminating
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