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applied sciences Article Potential of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycles to Reduce the Levelised Cost of Electricity of Contemporary Concentrated Solar Power Plants Francesco Crespi, David Sánchez * , Gonzalo S. Martínez and Tomás Sánchez-Lencero and Francisco Jiménez-Espadafor Department of Energy Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; crespi@us.es (F.C.); gsm@us.es (G.S.M.); tmsl@us.es (T.S.-L.); fcojjea@us.es (F.J-E.) * Correspondence: ds@us.es; Tel.: +34-954-486-488 Received: 31 May 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: 22 July 2020 Featured Application: Assessment of the potential of supercritical Carbon Dioxide power cycles to reduce the Levelised Cost of Electricity of contemporary Concentrated Solar Power plants, with the aim to benchmark the cost of electricity of the current and next generation Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology. Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of the expected Levelised Cost of Electricity enabled by Concentrated Solar Power plants based on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) technology. A global approach is presented, relying on previous results by the authors in order to ascertain whether these innovative power cycles have the potential to achieve the very low costs of electricity reported in the literature. From a previous thermodynamic analysis of sCO2 cycles, three layouts are shortlisted and their installation costs are compared prior to assessing the corresponding cost of electricity. Amongst them, the Transcritical layout is then discarded due to the virtually impossible implementation in locations with high ambient temperature. The remaining layouts, Allam and Partial Cooling are then modelled and their Levelised Cost of Electricity is calculated for a number of cases and two different locations in North America. Each case is characterised by a different dispatch control scheme and set of financial assumptions. A Concentrated Solar Power plant based on steam turbine technology is also added to the assessment for the sake of comparison. The analysis yields electricity costs varying in the range from 8 to over 11 g/kWh, which is near but definitely not below the 6 g/kWh target set forth by different administrations. Nevertheless, in spite of the results, a review of the conservative assumptions adopted in the analysis suggests that attaining costs substantially lower than this is very likely. In other words, the results presented in this paper can be taken as an upper limit of the economic performance attainable by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Concentrated Solar Power applications. Keywords: LCoE; CSP; supercritical CO2 1. Introduction 1.1. Current Status of Concentrated Solar Power Technology. Expectations Raised by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycles Supercritical Carbon Dioxide power cycles are currently seen as the technology of choice for next generation Concentrated Solar Power plants to produce Solar Thermal Electricity (STE). They promise higher efficiencies than state-of-the-art Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)-STE facilities based on steam technology, and they are reportedly much more compact thanks to the higher density of the working Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5049; doi:10.3390/app10155049 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsciPDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Power Solar Power Plants
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