Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials

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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials ( supercritical-fluids-and-their-application-recycling-high-pe )

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reported when composites incorporate fibres or silicon carbide (SiC) [47]. PEEK composites using modified nano-silica particles have been produced and show an increase in tensile strength of up to 50 % [50]. PEEK is effectively an electrical insulator and has a conductivity on the order of 10-14 S cm-1 [51], and may therefore be alloyed and used to construct cable housing [52], maintaining much of the excellent mass characteristics associated with PEEK [53]. Efforts have been made to produce electrically conductive PEEK composites by using carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) with varying levels of success [54]. Whilst in some cases the composite materials do show conductivity far greater than what is observed with PEEK alone, the conductivity is exclusively through connection of CNT’s with the conductivity of the polymer remaining unchanged [55]. This is in contrast to the production of conducting polymers [56], which may in the future be used to create electrically conductive composite materials [57, 58]. The excellent physical properties described for PEEK naturally lend themselves to the automotive industry, for many of the same reasons as the aerospace industry [49]. Exploration is also ongoing into the development of functionalised PEEK and PEEK derivatives. These materials differ from the PEEK composite materials discussed, since they involve modification of the polymer’s chemical structure, as opposed to the incorporation of reinforcing materials within the polymer matrix. In the case of composite materials, the polymeric transitions associated with PEEK remain largely unperturbed with enhancements to the physical properties being attributed to physical bonding between the polymer and reinforcement. Functionalised PEEK may behave very differently to PEEK, displaying very different polymeric transitions. The nitration of PEEK’s phenyl rings produces PEEK-NO2 40

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