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which is soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) as is the hydrated form PEEK-NH2 [59, 60]. However, PEEK-NO2 and PEEK-NH2 have thermal stabilities of 623 K and 373 K, respectively [59]. Functionalisation of the ketone is also possible, an example is the production of PEEK- OH which may show a thermal stability similar to PEEK [59, 61]. However, it has also been demonstrated that the degree of hydroxylation of the carbonyl functional group is proportional to the exposure time, and further that higher degrees of hydroxylation leads to a decrease in the thermal stability [62]. Another approach to the functionalisation of PEEK is the production of co-polymers, incorporating the desired functional groups into the co- polymer and subsequently carrying out the polymerisation. Much research into the use of poly(ether sulfone) and poly(imide) has been conducted with the results often presenting a compromise between added functionality and the desired physical properties of PEEK [63- 65]. Sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK) has been developed for specific challenges such as high performance membranes designed for hydrogen fuel cells (Proton Exchange Membranes) [66-68]. Significant improvements to the proton conductivity of SPEEK-PEM’s is possible through doping, where samples doped with phosphotungstic acid show increases of up to 90 % when operating at 373 K [69]. The thermal stability of SPEEK is compromised compared to PEEK, typically being stable up to 523 K [66]. Control over the compromise of the polymer performance may be achieved by controlling the polymer composition, a parameter that is more easily defined for block co-polymers. An example of which is the 1,1- bi(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethane / PEEK co-polymer and the 4,4’-difluorobenzophenone / PEEK co-polymer. In both cases increasing the proportion of the co-polymer increases the polymer’s solubility in common solvents such as tetrohydrofuran (THF), chloroform (TCM), dichloromethane (DCM) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [70]. The increased proportion of co-polymer also had the effect of removing the ability of the polymer to form 41PDF Image | Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials
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