Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials

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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application to the Recycling of High-Performance Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials ( supercritical-fluids-and-their-application-recycling-high-pe )

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automotive industries. Moreover, common decomposition products exist, such as phenol. The decomposition of PEEK and moulding epoxy resin at 703 K in supercritical water containing a sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) catalyst has been studied, showing that in both cases phenol was both a common and major product [171]. Thermosetting polymers are utilised in many industries, as described previously. However, since the focus of this research is specifically high-performance materials, the focus of this literature review has been on polyepoxides. Similarly to PEEK, polyepoxides can be reinforced with fibres for load-bearing and structural applications. Indeed, the practice of producing polyepoxide based composite materials is more widely established and employed in comparison to PEEK, with the majority of literature pertaining to polyepoxides relating to composite materials. Therefore, it is vital to report on the research available in the literature associated with the development, production, application and recycling of composite materials. Commonly, fibres used to reinforce thermosetting polymers include glass [172, 173] and carbon [174, 175], with carbon fibres being both more expensive and durable than glass. Consequently, they are used for high-performance applications and are the subject of the next part of this literature review. 2.4. FIBRE REINFORCEMENT Conventional reinforcement of polymer resins may be provided by a range of fibres constructed from various materials, such as glass, poly(aromatic aramid) and carbon. Research into the use of alternative fibres including basalt, hemp and flax is presented in the literature, namely as substitutes for glass fibres [176]. Hemp fibres have recently been 51

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