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channel is supplied with the currently highest temperature water), disturbances develop in the downstream channel, which in particular give rise to curves in the channel and to the destruction of the riverbank. However, if water of a tempera- ture corresponding to the ambient external temperature, i.e. correctly tempered water, is discharged into a given channel, then as circumstances dictate, the water-masses can either be braked and their sweeping- force reduced or conversely, they can be accelerated and their sweeping-force increased. Instead of regulating the chan- nel with bank-protecting structures, whose effect is only local, it is therefore possible to bring about the disturbance-free drainage of the water-masses solely through the regulation of the right water- temperatures; that is, through the automat- ic establishment of an enduring state of equilibrium in the water itself. Widening of the channel through the deposition of sediment, or the ejection of the same (grav- el banks), and fissures in the riverbank, especially at the bends, can be prevented by properly designed and equipped dams, and incorrect drainage conditions correct- ed. Through the appropriate adjustment of the mechanisms incorporated in these dams for controlling the discharge of light- or heavy-water, the temperature gradient corresponding to the ambient external temperature can be re-established and in this way the danger of flooding in particu- lar can be almost completely averted. Concurrently with the regulation of the drainage channel, the stability of the struc- ture required for this purpose, namely the specially designed barrage-wall of the reservoir, can also be increased in a man- ner whereby the pores in the wall-struc- ture are sealed through the cooling of the water-particles infiltrating into the wall from the reservoir, thereby removing the cause of the wall's destruction. With a reduction in temperature, the light-water infiltrating into the wall-pores loses its ability to transport and dissolve salts and other substances, until at a temperature of +4oC it reaches the condition where its dis- solving power is at minimum and the fil- ter-action of the wall is greatest, through the cooling of the valley-side of t h e bar- rage-wall by overtrickling it with +4oC heavy-water, the light-water infiltrating from the reservoir is cooled and precip- tates its dissolved substances into the pores, thereby sealing them. The water- tight sealing of the wall-pores is achieved within a few weeks, thus making any fur- ther safety precautions against the destruc- tion of the wall superfluous. Should the aforementioned cooling of the valley-side of the wall be omitted, then the light-water infiltrating into the wall from the reservoir will be warmed from the valley-side of the wall, in particular by solar irradiation, thereby gaining in dissolving power vis-a- vis the solid particles of the construction material. The pores will be leached out. With increasing enlargement of the pores, the explosive action of frost will also be greater. Fissures will develop in the wall, which permit the entry of more water not only as a result of hydrostatic pressure, but also due to current-pressure, until such time as the structure of the wall, particu- larly at the height of the normal water- level, is completely destroyed. The diagram depicts an example of the design of the installation, namely the bar- rage-wall of a dam. Fig. 1 shows a cross-sec- tion and Fig. 2 the plan, whereas Fig. 3 is a detail showing the discharge control-mech- anism in section. For the purposes of regulating the amounts of cold heavy-water and warm light-water, sluices O in the barrage-wall K of the reservoir B are incorporated on both sides of the same, whose sluice-gates T are operated by a temperature-controlled floating body G. The rising pipes W con- nect the sluices O to the main spillway K1 of the barrage-wall. Diverter-pipes U1 , U2 and U3 are located at various heights, which branch off from the rising pipes W and are controlled as required by stop valves V1 and V2 These diverter-pipes lead to the valley-side of the barrage-wall KPDF Image | The Water Wizard
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