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1 4 Discussion 2 3 The lack of studies found in the literature may be due to different factors. First, to the maturity 4 level of TES systems. Second, to the industry production processes and the financial barriers 5 (see the Introduction section). Finally, to the commercial confidentiality in these sectors. 6 Regarding to the technology maturity, and according to the IEA Energy Storage Roadmap [88], 7 only residential hot water heaters with storage, UTES, cold water storage and PTES (pit thermal 8 energy storage) are the thermal storage technologies in commercialisation maturity level. The 9 rest are still in early or middle stage of development and will require further attention before 10 their potential can be fully realised. 11 12 Therefore, both trend and maturity can be seen in Figure 22 in which the case studies found in 13 the literature are plotted depending on the year in which they are published, the industrial 14 activity they belong and the maturity (which is related to the scale of the study). In general, a 15 clear lack of pilot plant and real scale studies can be seen and all of them are very recent, which 16 indicates a trend and a possible research niche. Moreover, first cases published regarding this 17 topic were done in the 80’s and focused in the manufacturing industry. However, until almost 18 20 years later the topic has not been studied again, which coincides with the period when the 19 environmental awareness has gained more relevance because of the environmental policies 20 worldwide. Finally, the interest in transporting IWH by means of M-TES has increased in the 21 last decade as a result of the widespread use and commercialisation of TES materials and 22 systems. 23 24 The weakness of this review lies on the fact that in some cases not all the information regarding 25 the characteristics of the heat source, the TES system and the heat demand is published. That 26 makes a deeper discussion and comparison not possible, which is especially stressed regarding 27 the economic and environmental savings in which not enough information was available to 28 normalise and quantify the absolute savings. Moreover, it is known that in many countries 29 industry is a very secretive economic sector [89] which also can affect the widespread use of 30 recovered IWH. 31 32 5 Conclusions 33 34 Industry is one of the most consuming sectors worldwide. The IWH recovering and reuse could 35 decrease both the CO2 emissions and the energy costs, which would lead to more efficient and 36 more competitive industrial activities. However, the IWH is nowadays barely used mainly due 37 to technological and financial barriers for applying conventional heat recovery methods and to 34PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage TES Industrial Waste Heat Recovery
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