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63 In the literature revision more than 50 cases were identified. More case studies regarding on-site 64 than off-site reuse and recovery of the IWH were found. On-site recovery and reuse of IWH was 65 identified in the following activities: energy-intensive manufacturing industry (basic metals, 66 non-metallic minerals, chemicals, paper, and food), vehicle engines, power plants, incineration 67 plants and other unspecified IWH sources to be reused in desalination plants and CAES 68 facilities. Among the energy-intensive manufacturing subsectors, the basic metals subsector is, 69 by far, the one which has drawn most attention and the only one with pilot plant scale studies. 70 That may be due to the high exhaust temperatures of these industrial activities. In general, water 71 (or steam) storage tanks have been the most used on-site TES systems while power generation 72 and space heating and cooling have been the most recurrent applications for the on-site reuse of 73 IWH. The first studies regarding the use of TES in these sectors were published in the late 70’s 74 however until 2006, when the environmental awareness in the society increased, the topic has 75 not been of interest again. In addition, a clear lack of pilot plant and real scale studies was 76 observed. 77 78 Up to now, the off-site recovery and reuse of IWH by means of M-TES has been addressed in 79 the last decade mostly in numerical studies and almost no public information has been found of 80 the existing real prototypes. From the literature review, the most recurrent TES materials have 81 been erythritol (PCM) and zeolite (TCM). The reported distances between source and sink are 82 from 2 to 50 km and mainly to transport heat to other industries or to DH networks. 83 84 The savings obtained as a result of the implementation of TES systems have been mainly 85 reported from the point of view of economics and environmental parameters, such as CO2 86 mitigation and reduction of the fuel consumption. However, the lack of a detailed description of 87 the TES systems proposed made impossible to normalise and quantify the absolute savings of 88 the different activities. 89 90 Acknowledgements 91 92 The work is partially funded by the Spanish government (ENE2011-22722, ENE2015-64117- 93 C5-1-R). This project has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework 94 Programme (FP/2007-2013) under Grant agreement N°PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 95 (INNOSTORAGE) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation 96 programme under grant agreement No 657466 (INPATH-TES). The authors would like to thank 97 the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREA (2014 98 SGR 123). Jaume Gasia would like to thank the Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat 99 de la Informació de la Generalitat de Catalunya for his research fellowship (2016FI_B 00047). 36PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage TES Industrial Waste Heat Recovery
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