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Figure9. DemonstrationoftheslidingmodeTENGformetal-on-dielectriccasewithafinegratingstructure.(a)Photograph that shows the experimental setup. Inset: four rows of LED bulbs that are being lighted up. (b) Electric circuit diagram, indicating the four rows of LEDs are divided into two groups with reversed connection polarities. (c) Short-circuit current generated from a nongrating TENG as the relative displacement results from reciprocating sweeping of a human hand. (d) Enlarged view of the section highlighted in (c). Insets: snapshots that show the states of the two groups of LEDs corresponding to the current peaks. (e) Different stages of the sliding process as a TENG with 8 grating units is being slid apart (left column) and corresponding states of the two groups of LEDs during the sliding process (right column). Reproduced from ref 25. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. corresponds to only a single current peak, which is visualized by snapshots in Figure 9d. In comparison, a grating TENG is able to power the load for multiple times within a single sliding. For a TENG with 8 grating units, only a displacement of a unit length was required to light up the LEDs. Therefore, with grating structure, not only can the TENG have substantial enhancements of current and charges but also it can provide high- frequency AC output that enables continuous opera- tion of electric devices. Rotation-Mode-Based TENG. The mechanism pre- sented in Figure 8 can work in either one directional sliding between two plates or in rotation mode. We demonstrate a segmentally patterned disk-shaped TENG, in which a periodic overlapping and separation process of the two groups of sectors on the two concentric and closely contacted disks is achieved by relative rotation.27 The basic structure of the disk TENG is composed of two disk-shaped components with four sectors each, as schematically illustrated in Figure 10ac. The working principle of the disk TENG is based on the triboelectrification and the relative-rotation- induced cyclic in-plane charge separation between Al and Kapton, as shown in Figure 10d. In the relative rotation, the Al surface and Kapton surface slide one relative to the other, so that the electrons will be injected from the Al foil to the inner surface of the Kapton film, leaving net positive charges on the Al foil and net negative charges on the Kapton film. The electricity generation process of the disk TENG can be divided into four stages: In stage I, the two disks are at an overlapping position. Since the two charged surfaces are closely contacted with no polarization, there will be no potential difference between the two electrodes, thus no current flow in the external load. When the Al foil rotates in reference to the Kapton film, the corresponding two segments start to have a partially mismatched contact area (stage II), and the in-plane tribo-charges are thus separated in the direc- tion almost parallel to the sliding direction, which will induce a higher potential on the Al layer than the Kapton's electrode, thus the electrons in the electrode attached to the Kapton film will be driven to flow to the Al foil through an external load (forming a current flow in the reverse direction), so that an opposite potential is generated to balance the potential difference WANG VOL. XXX ’ NO. XX ’ 000–000 ’ XXXX L www.acsnano.org REVIEWPDF Image | Triboelectric Nanogenerators as New Energy Technology
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