PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 011
reach the overlapping position, the charged surfaces are fully in contact again. There will be no transferred charges left on the electrode, and the device returns to the state in Figure 8aI. In this entire cycle, the processes of sliding outward and inward are symmetric, so a pair of symmetric alternating current peaks should be expected. This in-plane charge-separation-induced potential difference and charge transfer can be verified through numerical simulation using COMSOL. The model con- structed here has the same structure and dimensions (71 mm 50 mm surface) with the real device, and those two tribo-charged surfaces are assigned with a charge density of (70 μC/m2. The device is in open- circuit condition, which means no electron transfer between the two electrodes. As shown by the simula- tion results, when the two plates are in the fully aligned stacking position, which corresponds to the state in Figure 8aI, there is no potential difference generated (Figure 8b). When the top plate slides about halfway out (with a displacement of 41 mm), there will be a 2950 V potential difference between the two electro- des (Figure 8c), and this potential difference will in- crease to 1.03 105 V when the top plate just slides out of contact with the bottom plate (with a displacement of 71 mm) (Figure 8d). In these simulation results of Figure 8bd, the background planes show the poten- tial distribution in the free space of air surrounding the TENG, as a result of the in-plane charge separation. We have also simulated the voltage between the two electrodes at a series of displacements from 11 to 91 mm. As shown in Figure 8e, the voltage keeps increasing when the displacement gets larger, even after the plates slide out of each other. This is because the voltage is a path integral of the electric field along the displacement. On the other hand, the amounts of transferred charges between the two electrodes under these different displacements are also simulated by equating the potential of the electrodes at the short- circuit condition. As shown in Figure 8e, the amount of transferred charges increases linearly with the displa- cement before the top plate slides out of the bottom plate (with a displacement smaller than 71 mm), but different from the trend of the voltage, the amount of transferred charges will saturate at the total amount of tribo-charges on one surface after the plates have fully slid out of each other because there is no further charge separation here. So, the effective displacement region for generating electricity is between 0 and 71 mm, where the contact area of the two plates is changed during the relative sliding of the two plates. Lateral Sliding-Mode-Based TENG: Metal-on-Dielec- tric Case with Linear Grating. In the sliding mode, introducing linear grating on the sliding surfaces is an extremely efficient means for energy harvesting. Linear grating with uniform period is fabricated on both sliding surfaces. The rows of grating units have the same size as intervals between, with all rows being electrically connected at both ends by two buses. The grating patterns on both sliding surfaces are identical so that they can match well with each other when aligned. Although the grating design reduces the total contact area by half, thus seemingly sacrificing half of the triboelectric charges, it increases the percentage of the mismatched area to 100% for a displacement of only a grating unit length rather than the entire length of the TENG so that it dramatically increases the transport efficiency of the induced charges. Induced free electrons can be pumped back and forth between electrodes multiple times due to the grating structure, providing multifolds of output charge compared to a nongrating TENG. Every row of the grating units can be considered as a reduced-sized TENG, and it is in parallel connection with all other rows through buses. In contrast to a nongrating TENG that needs to be fully displaced in order to complete pumping of the in- duced charges for one time, the grating TENG only requires a displacement of a unit length to completely transport the induced charges, largely improving the energy conversion efficiency. With further displace- ment of another length of the unit, back flow of the induced charges can be realized. Therefore, for a one- way sliding process across the whole length of the TENG, the induced charges can be pumped for 2N 1 times in total, where N is the number of grating units. If we take into account that the contacting area de- creases as the two surfaces slide apart, the following equation represents the total induced charges Q that the grating TENG can provide for a single sliding across the entire length of the TENG:24 Q 1⁄4 (2q0N)N=2 (5) where q0 is the induced charges generated from a single grating unit for a displacement of the unit length. To demonstrate the capability of the new principle as a direct power source, a total of 80 commercial LED bulbs were utilized as operating load (Figure 9a). They were divided into two groups, which were connected to a TENG with reversed polarity in order to clearly demonstrate the AC output without rectification (Figure 9b). Shown in Figure 9a, one substrate of the TENG was fixed on a breadboard where the LEDs were installed, while the other one was attached to human fingers. As the hand swept back and forth, the sliding was realized. For a nongrating TENG, the output cur- rent it delivers to the load is displayed in Figure 9c. It is noticed that faster sweeping generates higher current peaks as compared with those from slower sweeping. Every current peak was capable of simultaneously lighting up one group of LEDs. Due to the AC output, the two LED groups were alternately lighted up, as indicated by “ON” and “OFF” states in Figure 9d. It is worth noticing that a single sliding process WANG VOL. XXX ’ NO. XX ’ 000–000 ’ XXXX K www.acsnano.org REVIEWPDF Image | Triboelectric Nanogenerators as New Energy Technology
PDF Search Title:
Triboelectric Nanogenerators as New Energy TechnologyOriginal File Name Searched:
13_ACSN_08.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |