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Figure 16. TENG as self-powered touch pad sensor and smart skin. (a) Photograph of the matrix touched by two human fingers. (be) Measured mapping figures under different pressures. (f) Photograph of the fabricated matrix attached to an acrylic tube. (g) Measured mapping figure when the device in (f) was touched by a human hand. Reproduced from ref 31. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. surface of the triboelectric materials, which can be used for fabricating chemical and biochemical sensors.39 In our case, the performance of the TENG depends on the assembly of Au nanoparticles (NPs) onto the metal plate. These assembled Au NPs not only act as steady gaps between the two plates at strain-free conditions but also enable the function of enlarging the contact area of the two plates, which will increase the electrical output of the TENG. Through further modification of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) molecules on the assembled Au NPs, the high-output nanogenerator can become a highly sensitive and selective nanosensor toward Hg2þ ion detection be- cause of the different triboelectric polarity of Au NPs and Hg2þ ions (Figure 17a). On the basis of this unique structure, the output voltage and current of the tribo- electric nanosensor (TENG) reached 105 V and 63 μA with an effective dimension of 1 cm 1 cm. Under optimum conditions, this TENG is selective for the detection of Hg2þ ions, with a detection limit of 30 nM and linear range from 100 nM to 5 μM (Figure 17b). With its high sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity, the TENG holds great potential for the determination of Hg2þ ions in environmental samples. The TENG is a future sensing system for unreachable and access-denied Figure 17. TENG as self-powered chemical sensor for de- tecting Hg2þ ions. Top: Fabrication of the TENG functiona- lized with Au nanoparticles at one side. Bottom: Sensitivity and selectivity of the as-developed TENG for the detection of Hg2þ ions. The concentration of all metal ions tested in the selectivity experiment was 5 μM. Reproduced with permission from ref 39. Copyright 2013 Wiley. extreme environments. As different ions, molecules, and materials have their unique triboelectric polarities, we expect that the TENG can become either an WANG VOL. XXX ’ NO. XX ’ 000–000 ’ XXXX U www.acsnano.org REVIEWPDF Image | Triboelectric Nanogenerators as New Energy Technology
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