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1.2. FRAMEWORK AND GOALS OF THIS THESIS 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2: A schematic of one of the possible closed, carbon neutral fuel produc- tion scheme. Here the fuels are hydrocarbons. The parts highlighted in the blue box are the main focus of this book – CO2 conversion using plasma. fossil carbon. However, that CCS is fraught with uncertainty as long term implications of storage in geological formations is difficult to assess [8] making CCU more attract- ive option. It has to be noted that in the long-term, CCS is required so as to reduce the already existing CO2 in atmosphere. 1.2 Framework and Goals of this thesis This research project is motivated by the urgency to find a CCU method that can use renewable electricity with very high efficiency. The schematic of a generic CCU using renewable electricity and with hydrocarbons as intermediates is shown in figure 1.2. The success of CCU in the end depends on the success of molecules targeted as the interme- diates: Olah et al propound methanol or dimethyl ether as ideal intermediates [9, 10]; Centi et al, among others propose CH4 to exploit the already existing infrastructure that depends on it [11, 12]; alternatively CO2 can be converted to be CO which can then act as a precursor for manufacturing fuels subsequently [13, 14]. Although there are many good reasons why methanol or similar molecules be con- sidered it is more pragmatic to consider latter two as the candidates for the intermedi- ates. The main reason being both CH4 and CO are extremely important on an industrial scale and already huge industrial and transport infrastructure exists that depend on the products derived from them, namely hydrocarbons. CH4 is used for heating, transporta- tion, for producing higher hydrocarbons etc. and its worldwide consumption (in the form of natural gas) in the year 2010 has been 2.26 trillion cubic meters [15]. In the same year the import price of natural gas in USA has been 20 U.S. dollar cents per thousand 3PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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