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3. PROPERTIES OF MICRO-DISCHARGES 3.3. RESULTS 3.2.4 Imaging of filaments The spatial characteristics of a filament, such as its spread on the dielectric surface on reaching the surface, influences the subsequent filaments. Hence, fast imaging of fila- ments is performed in order to determine the spatial characteristics of the filament. To this end, an intensified-charge coupled device (iCCD) camera (Andor, iStar, DH734- 18U-03) has been used to record images of the micro-discharges. To ensure that the light is collected from only one filament the camera is gated. Which implies that the camera is active for a window of time (TW) only when there is a filament (see figure 3.12). It has to be noted, however, that the light emitted by individual filaments is very little. In a DBD fed with CO2, the light emitted is due to the transitions from excited ions CO+2( A2Πu,B2Σ+u ) to the ground state of the CO+2(X2Πg) ions. The threshold of electron impact excitation of these two states are 17.6 and 18.1 eV respectively and only a very minute fraction of electrons posses such high energy to create these excited states. Also, collisional quenching of these excited states by ground state molecules decreases the emission even further at high pressure. Consequently, the light emitted from CO2 fed DBD is particularly low. To overcome the problems posed by low light intensity multiple averages are required to reduce the signal to noise ratio. For good averaging, the reproducibility of the filament more or less at the same instant in a given HC becomes important. TW used in the experiments reported here is determined both by the reproducibility of the filament in every HC and also the time between two consecutive filaments in the same HC. Since the jitter in the first two filaments in a HC, between consecutive voltage cycles is less than few μs (which is the measure of reproducibility) it has become possible to synchronize the camera and the filament. For this work, TW is varied between 2-5 μs. Apart from spatial characteristics, fast imaging can help in ascertaining if each spike in current signal corresponds to an independent filament, or if it is a collective event induced by processes such as self triggering of micro-discharges [124]. 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Effect of operational parameters on energy input The parameters that can be independently set are called operational parameters and in this work they are voltage, pressure and flow. It has been observed that voltage and pres- sure are the main parameters that determine the power injected into plasma while flow has no effect on it. To illustrate this effect, power injected into plasma at two different 52PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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