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5.9. RESULTS & DISCUSSION ×1014 a) 0 6 4 2 0 10 c) 5 0 d) CO2 (001) density (cm-3) Rate Coefficienct (cm3s-1) U (eV) m Electron density (lg cm-3) 5 ×10-9 b) 1010 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 t/T Figure 5.10: CO2(v31) density (a), Rate coefficient of E8 (b), Umean (c) and electron density (d) as function of time at d0 (—) and at x=0.09 cm (- - -). The voltage is switched off at t/T=10. T is the time period of the applied voltage. excitation of CO2(v31) is always higher than than de-excitation at high pressures. The de-excitation becomes dominant at low pressures, at very high vibrational temperatures ( n1 ) or at high ionization degrees; however, it has to be noted that these rate co-efficients n0 are calculated for low ionization degrees, neglecting electron-electron collisions. In general, from the figure 5.11, it can be seen that the rate coefficient of electronic excitation increases only by a factor of 2 when Um changes from 0.3 and 2 eV, before it saturates. Consequently, to enhance the CO2(v31) and VV transfer rates a significant electron density, or in other words, ionization is required. And from fractional power transferred it can be seen that ionization and vibrational excitation cannot be simultan- eously optimized. Electron density becomes even more important when we consider all the missing loss processes. For example, the accommodation coefficient (a measure of loss of vibrational energy at walls similar to sticking coefficient) of CO2(v31) is 0.3 [36] is not included. A similar competition exists between the requirement of electron density for dissociation and reducing ionization to minimize energy consumption. It has been found that, in many different plasma sources, while conversion increases energy efficiency suffers [48, 49, 60]. Achieving high energy efficiencies and conversion efficiencies thus requires re-using 139PDF Image | Understanding CO2 containing non-equilibrium plasmas
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