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4.4 Future Geothermal Projects in El Salvador 5 United States LaGeo already envisions improvements to power generation in each of the current fields in operation. In Ahuachapán, plans are to increase the capacity of Unit 3 by 5 MW and in Berlin to install a new unit of 28 MW and a binary plant of 5.7 MW.9 In the past, SIGET was the institution responsible for electricity regulation and in charge of awarding geothermal concessions within the country. However, the legislation changed in 2013, and currently the National Congress of El Salvador awards the concessions. LaGeo Branch San Vicente 7 Inc. is the owner of two awarded geothermal concessions, San Vicente and Chinameca. Three exploratory wells were drilled in San Vicente during 2004 and 2007, with no significant results (temperatures between 150 and 250°C). Between 2012 and 2013, two more wells were drilled, and testing found that one of them had the capability to produce 7 MW. This result encouraged continuing drilling activity to install a unit of about 30 MW to 40 MW. On the other hand, in Chinameca, two exploratory wells were drilled during 2009 and 2010, one of which could produce 7 MW. Recently a new well was drilled, but even though the temperature found was around 240°C, the permeability was poor.10 The United States is the country with the highest installed capacity for geothermal generation. The installed capacity was 3,442 MW in 2013, which only makes up a small percentage of total generation in the country. California hosts 2,703 MW of that installed capacity, which makes California’s installed capacity higher than the installed capacity of the countries with the highest installed geothermal generation in the world: Philippines (1,904 MW), Indonesia (1,333 MW), and Mexico (1,005 MW).11 In California, the development of geothermal resources has been driven by California’s high- quality geothermal resources, government policies, and state programs. In particular, the development of geothermal plants in California was driven by the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) and the Geothermal Resources Development Account (GRDA). PURPA, passed by the federal government in 1978, required utilities to purchase renewable power at avoided costs. It’s estimated that this led to the development of 600 MW of geothermal capacity in California.12 GRDA is a state-funded research and development program for geothermal in California and has funded at least four geothermal projects.13 In this section, we provide the following information about geothermal development in the United States, particularly in California: • United States and Its Electricity Sector (Section 5.1) • Geothermal Resource Potential in the United States (Section 5.2) • Geothermal Projects in the United States (Section 5.3) • Key Factors That Enabled Geothermal Development in the United States (Section 5.4) 9. J. Burgos, F. Montalvo, and H. Gutiérrez, “El Salvador Country Update” (Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia, April 19–25, 2015). 10. Ibid. 11. Geothermal Energy Association, “2014 Annual U.S. & Global Geothermal Power Production Report” (April 2014). 12. Elizabeth Doris, Claire Kreycik, and Katherine Young, “Policy Overview and Options for Maximizing the Role of Policy in Geothermal Electricity Development” (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Technical Report NREL/TP-6A2-46653, September 2009), http://www1.eere.energy. gov/geothermal/pdfs/policy_overview.pdf. 13. Ibid. 32PDF Image | Unlocking Geothermal Power Eastern Caribbean Powerhouse
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