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4.1.1 Fuel Energy Before an energy balance can be performed, the rate of energy flow into the engine must be accurately known. This task was complicated by the small size of the engine and the corresponding low rate of fuel flow. Care was taken to ensure that the test durations were sufficiently long to decrease the uncertainty in the fuel mass difference to an acceptable level of ±1%. Initially, this level of accuracy required test durations between one and two hours per data point, depending on the engine load. This length of time was necessary due to the relatively low accuracy of the scale (Scale 1 in Table 3-4). Before the 175°C data points were recorded, a higher accuracy scale was acquired which allowed test durations to be reduced to between 10 and 25 minutes while maintaining the same accuracy (Scale 2 in Table 3-4). Table 4-2. Source and assumed uncertainty for fluid properties. Property Source Assumed Uncertainty Lower Heating Value of Off-Road Diesel Fuel Oil Density Oil Heat Capacity HTF Density HTF Heat Capacity Literature [43] Anton Paar SVM 3000 – curve fit Dynalene Lab Services – curve fit Duratherm Literature – curve fit Duratherm Literature – curve fit ±800 kJ kg-1 5% 5% 5% 5% The energy flow into the engine is in the form of off-road diesel fuel entering the combustion chamber, which is subsequently mixed with air and burned to produce the heat necessary to expand the inert gases and push the piston down. The energy flow from the diesel fuel is found as follows: Efuel mfuel LHVfuel m Δmfuel (4.2) (4.3) fuel ttest 58PDF Image | WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE DIESEL ENGINE
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