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H. Jouhara et al. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 6 (2018) 268–289 Fig. 5. Air preheater layout showing air movement [31]. Fig. 6. Diagram of metallic recuperator [34]. system consists of a chamber which is used as a link between the hot air duct and the cold air duct that takes the heat energy from the hot side, stores and delivers it to the cold side. For instance, regenerative fur- naces consist of two brick chambers through which hot and cold air exchange heat. As hot combustion gases pass through the brick chamber, heat from the hot flue gas is absorbed, stored and delivered to the cold airflow when it is passed through the chamber. The flow of the preheated gas is then injected into the flow going to the combustion chamber, decreasing the amount of energy needed to heat the system. Two chambers are used so that, one is transferring heat to the flow entering the system, the other one is absorbing heat. The direction of inlet flow is changed frequently to allow a constant heat transfer rate to be obtained [36]. Regenerators are suitable for high temperature applications such as glass furnaces and coke ovens and they have been historically used with open-hearth steel furnaces. Regenerators are particularly suitable for applications with dirty exhausts, however, they can be very large in size and have very high capital costs, which is a disadvantage with this technology [37]. Fig. 7. Combined radiation and convective type recuperator [33]. 2.4.3. Rotary regenerators Rotary regenerators work in a similar manner to fixed regenerators, however, in this technology, heat is transferred through a porous thermal wheel between the hot and cold flows. In this system, two parallel ducts containing hot and cold flows are placed across a rotary disk or heat wheel which is made out of a high thermal capacity ma- terial. The heat wheel takes and stores heat from the flow coming through the hot duct, rotates and delivers it to the flow coming through the cold duct. Rotary regenerators are used for low – medium tem- perature applications and could potentially offer a very high overall heat transfer efficiency [38] (see Fig. 8). The reason heat wheels are not suitable for high temperature ap- plications is due to the structural stresses and the possibility of large expansion and deformations that can be caused by high temperature differences between the two ducts [39]. Having said that, heat wheels made out of ceramic materials can be used for high temperature ap- plications. As heat wheels are mainly made out of porous material, cross con- tamination therefore be cannot prevented. This can be a major 272 Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of heat wheel [33].PDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery Technologies and Applications
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