PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 013
Galena II geothermal power station with the Sierra Nevada mountains in the background. Photo credit: Gad Shoshan Chapter 2 use innovative technologies to access volumes of rock with high temperatures but with initial permeabilities that are insufficient to support commercial flow rates and/or that lack reservoir water. Deep-EGS reservoirs would then be formed by drilling wells into this rock and creating a commercial fracture network via well stimulation. This network would enable harvesting of thermal energy by producing hot fluids for electricity generation or other geothermal direct-use applications such as geothermal district heating. 2.1.3 Geothermal Heat Pumps GHP resources refer to the shallow-earth environment composed of rocks and soils at depths from a few feet below ground to average depths of about 30 feet. At these depths, ground temperatures are constant year-round and the thermal energy storage properties of the rocks and soils allow them to act as a heat sink—absorbing excess heat during summer, when surface temperatures are relatively higher—and as a heat source during the winter, when surface temperatures are lower. GHPs take advantage of the ground’s thermal-storage properties, using thermal energy removed from buildings and seasonally stored in the ground during summer cooling operations to keep buildings warm in the winter at reduced rates of electricity consumption. In addition, GHPs cool buildings at higher efficiencies than conventional air conditioners because the temperature of the shallow earth is cooler than ambient air in summer (Liu et al. 2019). The nation’s GHP resource is extensive enough to theoretically support any level of GHP deployment; as such, the total resource potential was not calculated in the GeoVision analysis. The GeoVision analysis did, however, assess GHP resource technical potential—a subset of total resource potential that accounts for technical and economic constraints.30 Results indicate that more than 580,000 GWth31 of GHP resource technical potential are available nationwide. 2.2 Geothermal Energy Production The geothermal resources described in Section 2.1 support a range of applications for electric and non-electric energy production (Figure 2-7). Some applications use the Earth’s temperatures near the surface, whereas others require drilling miles underground. The specific use for a geothermal resource depends on the resource temperature. Geothermal resources with the highest temperatures (150°C or greater) are generally used to produce electricity. Lower-temperature resources can support geothermal direct-use applications in commercial and residential buildings, industrial processes, agricultural applications, and recreation. In the shallow-earth environment, where ground temperatures are relatively constant, GHPs can provide efficient residential and commercial heating and cooling. Geothermal energy also offers a number of beneficial characteristics, including the ability to provide reliability services to the grid. These attributes are discussed in Section 2.3. 30 Technical potential is defined as the amount of technically feasible, developable GHP capacity after considering siting constraints and system performance. 31 GHP potential is reported as gigawatts-thermal, or GWth. Unlike geothermal electricity generation reported in gigawatts-electric, or GWe, or geothermal direct use reported in gigawatt-hours thermal, or GWhth, GHPs do not rely on thermal energy from the Earth as the energy source for operation. Instead, GHPs use electricity to power a heat pump and use the ground as a heat sink in summer for cooling (rejecting heat to the ground) and as a heat source in winter for heating (extracting heat from the ground). Depending on location and operation, the annual transfer of thermal energy from a GHP to the ground can be net positive, net negative, or neutral (if year-round heat-extraction and heat-rejection loads are perfectly balanced). In this report, GHP potential is described only in terms of the heating and cooling capacity (in GWth) that it enables. Chapter 2 | What is Geothermal Energy? 21PDF Image | What is Geothermal Energy
PDF Search Title:
What is Geothermal EnergyOriginal File Name Searched:
2-GeoVision-Chap2-opt.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |