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ICESW IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Enginee1ri2n3g44516378(920‘1’8“)” 012019 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/413/1/012019 The work of Wang et al. [40] however generated more explorable correlations between Ja, the thermal efficiency and exergetic efficiency of the considered cycles and the network output and also with possibility of further modifications to include more parameters. The thermophysical properties of the selected working fluid were in agreement with the work of Borsukiewicz-gozdur & Nowak, [34]. In another study, Amicabile et al., [41] employed thermodynamic analysis to show that the enthalpy of vapourization is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the fluid and thereby suggested that low molecular weight fluids should be avoided because of their high enthalpy of vapourization. Due to the large amount of working fluid and the diversity of criteria for selecting appropriate working fluids for ORC applications, there is no one single optimal fluid for a given temperature level and a given application. Quoilin et al [42] identified two approaches for fluid selection: the screening method and the operating map method. Screening method is though the popular approach in the scientific literature but it is impaired by the use of objective function void of influences of fluid properties on the practical design of the cycle. The thermodynamic model developed is limited to optimizing working fluid performances in terms of thermal efficiency, output power or exergy efficiency inherently capable of proffering unrealistic working fluids. The operating map approach proposed by Quoilin et al. [42] integrated the interaction between expander, heat exchangers and the working fluid into a selection process that leads to the selection of appropriate types and sizes of the basic components of the ORC. The approach maps out acceptable conditions and limits on component size as shown in Figures 4 to 7, therefore does not yield impractical working fluids. However, the operating map method is only a pre-selection tool to narrow down the possible choices because the operating maps of some working fluids overlap with some others. The fluid selection process therefore has to be further optimized by a more accurate procedure. Figure 4: Characteristic maximum efficiency curve as a function of its specific speed for a radial turbine [42] 6PDF Image | Working Fluids for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Applications
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