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5 Thermodynamic diagram The thermodynamic state of a real fluid can be determined by providing two thermodynamic variables. The other variables can then be determined with the equations developed above. A thermodynamic state can therefore be presented in a two axis diagram, called thermodynamic diagram. Various combinations of thermodynamic variables can be used. The most common ones are Ts, ph, pv, and hs. Examples of thermodynamic diagrams for r245fa are provided in Figures 2 to 4. Several zones can be distinguished : − The zone at the left of the liquid line, corresponding to a liquid state − The zone between the liquid line and the vapor line : In this zone, The fluid is evaporating or condensing, so two phases, liquid and vapor are present. The mass percentage of vapor present is known as the ‘quality,’ denoted by ‘x’ (see below). − The zone at the left of the vapor line, corresponding to a vapor state − The zone above the critical point, corresponding to a critical state, where liquid and vapor cannot be distinguished. This zone corresponds to very high pressure and temperature. Figure 4: ph diagram for 245fa Figure 3: pv diagram for 245fa 10 Figure 2: Ts Thermodynamic diagram for R245faPDF Image | An introduction to thermodynamics applied to Organic Rankine Cycles
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