PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 005
Molecules 2017, 22, 403 4 of 21 Figure 2. General decomposition pathways for the formation of: transesterifications products (a); oligocarbonate-based products (b); organophosphate-based products (c); organic fluorophosphate-based products; and hydrolysis products (d) [43,84–91]. The formed organic fluorophosphates have a high potential toxicity, and toxicological data are available for dimethyl fluorophosphate (DMFP) and diethyl fluorophosphate (DEFP) (Table 1). The LD50 value represents the amount of a solid or liquid material that it takes to kill 50% of the test animals in one experiment. The LC50 is the corresponding value for vapors, gases or dusts [92–100]. Table 1. Toxicity data for dimethyl fluorophosphate (DMFP) and diethyl fluorophosphate (DEFP) compared to the nerve agent sarin (mus = mouse; ivn = intravenous, skn = skin; ihl = inhalation; n/a = not available). Compound Sarin DMFP DEFP ivn-mus (LD50) 0.109 mg/kg 0.45 mg/kg n/a skn-mus (LD50) 1.08 mg/kg 36 mg/kg 35 mg/kg ihl-mus (LC50) 5 mg/m3/30 min 290 mg/m3/10 min 100 mg/m3/10 min The World Health Organization has five categories for hazardous substances with classified toxicity. Despite the lowered toxicity compared to sarin, according to toxicity data and classification, both DMFP and DEFP are classified in category 1, which is the most dangerous (fatal by swallowing <5 mg) and fatal by contact with the skin <40 mg/kg) [101]. Therefore, due to the P–F bond in many electrolyte decomposition products, they are considered hazardous as well. As an example, the neurotoxin diisopropyl fluorophosphate is known for its high toxicity as a consequence of the reaction with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The regular function of AChE is to hydrolyze acetylcholine, an essential neurotransmitter for the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is responsible for the connection of the central nervous system with limbs (skeletal muscle movement) and organs. By reaction between the organophosphate and AChE, a covalent bond is formed and the enzyme is stopped from regular functioning. This leads to an accumulation of unhydrolyzed acetylcholine and the symptoms of the intoxications are convulsions, suffocation and myosis, which ultimately can lead to death [102,103].PDF Image | CO2 for Recycling and Sample Preparation of Lithium Ion Battery
PDF Search Title:
CO2 for Recycling and Sample Preparation of Lithium Ion BatteryOriginal File Name Searched:
molecules-22-00403.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |