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― The composition of anaerobic digester gas from WWTFs is usually 60 to 70 percent methane with the remainder primarily carbon dioxide (CO2). The lower heating value (LHV) of digester gas ranges from 550 to 650 British thermal units (Btu)/ft3, and the higher heating value (HHV) ranges from 610 to 715 Btu/ft3, or about 10 percent greater than the LHV.4 • Each million gallons per day (MGD) of wastewater flow can produce enough biogas in an anaerobic digester to produce 26 kilowatts (kW) of electric capacity and 2.4 million Btu per day (MMBtu/day) of thermal energy in a CHP system. • The cost to generate electricity using CHP at WWTFs ranges from 1.1 to 8.3 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh) depending on the CHP prime mover and other factors. Current retail electric rates range from 3.9 to over 21 cents per kWh, so CHP can have clear economic benefits for WWTFs. • On a national scale, the technical potential for additional CHP at WWTFs is over 400 MW of biogas-based electricity generating capacity and approximately 38,000 MMBtu/day of thermal energy. This capacity could prevent approximately 3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually, equivalent to the emissions of approximately 596,000 passenger vehicles. • Also on a national scale, the economic potential ranges from 178 to 260 MW. This represents 43 to 63 percent of the technical potential.5 The vast majority of economic potential comes from large (>30 MGD) WWTFs that can support larger CHP units. • Translating CHP potential into actual successes requires an understanding of operational realities. This report includes interviews of 14 owners/operators of CHP systems at WWTFs across the country. Key operational observations from these interviews are included in Section 5. 4 Metcalf & Eddy, “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, 4th Edition,” 2003. A fuel’s LHV does not include the heat of the water of vaporization. 5 A range is presented due to uncertainties in the data available for WWTFs, making it difficult to support a single, national economic potential. Economic potential is defined as a payback period of seven years or less. vPDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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