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combustion turbines, steam turbines, and combined cycle systems are typically found in the few very large WWTFs (i.e., greater than 100 MGD). 3.2 Potential CHP Market To estimate the potential market for CHP at WWTFs, the CHPP used the EPA 2008 Clean Watershed Needs Survey (CWNS) database14 to identify WWTFs that do not already operate CHP. As the database was configured to provide a comprehensive assessment of capital needs to meet water quality goals established under the Clean Water Act, the primary indicators used for the CHPP’s analysis were the number of facilities with anaerobic digestion and the total influent flow rate to those facilities. The database collection process is voluntary and the data vary in level of completeness. Since the CHPP 2007 report was released, there have been other state- specific data sets that have become available. However, the uniform data collection method applied to the CWNS database introduces a consistency in the data collection methodology. It is also at this time the primary comprehensive dataset on municipal wastewater treatment activity at a national scale. These two criteria rendered the data more representative for the CHPP’s national analysis.15 The CHPP’s 2007 report about CHP at WWTFs showed that influent flow rates of 5 MGD or greater were typically required to produce biogas in quantities sufficient for economically feasible CHP systems. One of the CHPP’s goals for this 2011 study, however, was to be inclusive of all market opportunities for CHP at WWTFs. Recognizing that CHP systems can and do operate at facilities with influent flow rates less than 5 MGD, this 2011 analysis uses a lower limit of 1 MGD. Some smaller WWTFs (i.e., between 1 and 5 MGD) can produce sufficient biogas through conventional means (if biosolid loadings are high enough), or augment their digestion process to boost the biogas generation rate of the anaerobic digesters (e.g., addition of collected fats, oils, and greases to digesters; use of microbial stimulants). Table 3 presents the total number of WWTFs in the United States and the number with anaerobic digestion, excluding WWTFs that already utilize CHP. Table 4 shows the wastewater flow to WWTFs with anaerobic digestion, also excluding those that utilize CHP. Table 3 shows that 1,351 WWTFs greater than 1 MGD utilize anaerobic digesters but do not operate CHP systems. The data indicate that systems with larger flow rates are more likely to have anaerobic digesters, and therefore have greater potential for CHP. This finding is corroborated by the data in Table 4, which indicate that for WWTFs greater than 1 MGD that do not employ CHP, approximately 60 percent of wastewater flow goes to facilities with anaerobic digestion. 14 EPA’s Office of Wastewater Management, in partnership with states, territories, and the District of Columbia, conducts the CWNS every four years in response to Sections 205(a) and 516 of the Clean Water Act and develops a Report to Congress. The 2008 CWNS is available at: http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/databases/cwns/. 15 Water Environment Foundation’s Project on the “Preparation of Baseline of the Current and Potential Use of Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion at Wastewater Plants” was initiated in August 2011 to create a robust consensus dataset regarding the current and potential production of biogas from anaerobic digestion at Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) in the United States. EPA is serving on the Advisory Panel for this project, but is not responsible for its content. 7PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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