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4.1.3 National Electric Generation Potential from CHP at Wastewater Treatment Facilities Table 7 summarizes the CHP technical potential at WWTFs in the United States. As shown in Tables 3 and 4 (see Section 3.2), the 2008 CWNS identified 1,351 WWTFs greater than 1 MGD that have anaerobic digesters but that do not utilize CHP, representing 15,795 MGD of wastewater flow. Using the results developed in the technical potential analysis (i.e., 1 MGD of influent flow can produce 26 kW of electric capacity and 2.4 MMBtu/day of thermal energy), these 1,351 WWTFs could produce approximately 411 MW of electric capacity and 37,908 MMBtu/day of thermal energy if they all installed and operated CHP. Table 7: CHP Technical Potential at Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the United States Facility Type Number of WWTFs Wastewater Flow (MGD) Electric Potential (MW)* Thermal Potential (MMBtu/day)* WWTFs with anaerobic digestion and no CHP (>1 MGD) 1,351 15,795 411 37,908 *Electric and thermal potential estimates assume that 26 kW of electric capacity and 2.4 MMBtu/day result from a wastewater influent flow rate of 1 MGD. Note: An additional 269 MW of electric capacity and 24,852 MMBtu/day of thermal energy is possible at WWTFs greater than 1 MGD that do not currently operate anaerobic digesters. However, as stated earlier, power and heat generation is typically not a primary driver for installing and operating anaerobic digesters, and because it is unlikely that all these WWTFs will install anaerobic digesters, this potential is unlikely to be achieved. 4.1.4 Potential Carbon Dioxide Emissions Benefits As described in Section 4.1.3, 411 MW of CHP technical potential exists at WWTFs that operate anaerobic digesters. This subsection presents an estimate of the CO2 emissions that would be prevented if this potential were to be achieved. The following assumptions were used to develop the estimate of CO2 emissions prevented by CHP at WWTFs with anaerobic digesters: • Prior to CHP development, WWTFs purchase electricity from the grid and use biogas from the digesters in on-site boilers to meet digester heat loads and space heating needs, and flare any excess biogas. (CO2 emissions reductions therefore arise from displaced grid electricity only.) • CO2 emissions from biogas combustion are emitted regardless of whether or not CHP is employed, and therefore biogas combustion with CHP yields no net positive CO2 emissions. • All of the electricity produced is utilized on site and excess power is not exported to the grid. • The CHP system operates year-round. Since all of the estimated CO2 emissions reductions are associated with displaced grid-supplied electricity, the key determinant for estimating total emissions reductions is a grid-based CO2 emissions factor. The analysis uses the 2010 Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated 12PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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