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Database (eGRID)20 to obtain this factor. eGRID data include total mass emissions and emissions rates for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide; net generation; and resource mix associated with U.S. electricity generation. This analysis uses the national all-fossil average CO2 emissions factor (1,744.81 lb CO2/megawatt-hour [MWh] produced), because it most closely approximates the generation mix that is displaced by CHP.21 eGRID CO2 emissions factors relate pollutant emissions to the amount of electricity generated and not the amount of electricity delivered. Based on the assumption that all of the electricity generated by the CHP system is used on site at the WWTF, the eGRID factor is adjusted to account for transmission and distribution (T&D) losses associated with displaced grid electricity, since these losses do not occur with CHP. According to eGRID, the U.S. average T&D line loss percentage is 6.2 percent, meaning that 1 MWh produced results in 0.938 MWh delivered. As a result, the adjusted all-fossil average CO2 emission factor is 1,860.14 lb CO2/MWh delivered. Multiplying the adjusted CO2 grid emissions factor by the electric potential estimate yields avoided CO2 emissions of 3,040,726 metric tons per year, which is equivalent to the emissions from 596,052 passenger vehicles.22 Table 8 presents these results. Table 8: Potential Carbon Dioxide Emissions Displaced with CHP at Wastewater Treatment Facilities Input/Output Value Electric potential at WWTFs with anaerobic digesters Total annual electric production (assumes yearround operation) Adjusted allfossil average CO2 emissions factor 411 MW 3,602,826 MWh 1,860.14 lb CO2/MWh 4.2 Economic Potential for CHP at Wastewater Treatment Facilities 3,350,880 tons CO2/year Total displaced CO2 emissions or Equivalent number of passenger vehicles 3,040,726 metric tons CO2/year 596,052 Section 4.2.1 describes the assumptions and methodology used in the economic potential analysis. Section 4.2.2 presents a discussion of the heating requirements of WWTFs and develops estimates for the thermal energy requirements of anaerobic digesters. Section 4.2.3 presents the cost-to-generate estimates for each of the digester gas utilization cases. Section 4.2.4 presents an estimate of national economic potential based on 2008 CWNS data and the cost-to generate results. 20 eGRID is the most comprehensive source of data on the environmental characteristics of electricity generated in the United States. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/index.html. 21 For more information on the use and value of eGRID emission data, see http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/egridzips/The_V alue_of_eGRID_Dec_2009.pdf. 22 Equivalent passenger vehicles are calculated using the EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html. 13PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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