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5.3 Challenges Despite the benefits associated with CHP, there are several key challenges to CHP development and operation, regardless of sector or application. These include regulated fees and tariffs, interconnection issues, environmental permitting, and technical barriers. All of the WWTFs interviewed noted these as challenges to CHP development and operation to some degree, but also reported others specific to CHP operation at WWTFs, including: • Staff education/training with CHP • Gas pretreatment • Utility issues • Lack of adequate biosolid supply • Permitting issues Although not discussed in detail by the interviewed WWTFs, it should also be noted that obtaining the capital needed for a CHP system at a WWTF can pose a significant challenge for a WWTF and should not be overlooked. There are also specific challenges associated with utilizing biogas beyond gas pretreatment. A more detailed investigation of biogas utilization challenges is currently being undertaken by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) in a report titled, “Barrier to Biogas Utilization Survey” (WERF Project Number OWSO11C10). The interviewed WWTFs all successfully implemented CHP, so all challenges encountered were overcome in various ways, though they were not insignificant. Table 19 presents the key challenges reported by the interviewed WWTFs along with relevant examples. A key finding is that WWTFs need to recognize that CHP is a separate function beyond traditional wastewater treatment, and therefore, it is important to dedicate O&M staff time or contract with a third party to operate and maintain the CHP system. 34PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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