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Challenge Summary Examples Staff Education/Training with CHP Most facilities interviewed identified the training of staff in O&M of CHP and its components (e.g., gensets, heat recovery, gas pretreatment, anaerobic digesters) as a key challenge to CHP implementation. These facilities noted that on site energy production was a new experience for them, and the process of transitioning from a wastewater treatmentonly facility to one that also produces onsite power and heat was a hurdle for staff to overcome. Some facilities, however, entered into O&M contracts with service providers, so they did not have to take on the responsibility of training/hiring staff. Some also required CHP equipment manufacturers to provide the requisite training. • The Rock River Water Reclamation Plant stated that it had to overcome the process of transitioning from a wastewater treatmentonly utility to one that also generated power and heat. This process required the training of its staff, which it did by hiring an engineering firm. The CHP system requires at least a halftime employee equivalent, which the facility absorbed into its existing staff. Gas Pretreatment Many facilities noted that understanding the importance of gas pretreatment and developing a gas pretreatment strategy was a key challenge. Digester gas at WWTFs contains contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide, siloxanes, and excess moisture that can impair CHP equipment if not properly pretreated. Gas pretreatment is more of a concern for some CHP prime movers than others (e.g., microturbines are more sensitive to contaminants than some reciprocating engines). • The Chippewa Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant reported biogas conditioning as the number one challenge to developing its microturbine CHP system. Despite some early struggles and setbacks getting the conditioning system to work properly, with the help of an experienced engineering consultant, the facility no longer experiences any significant gas cleanup issues. Table 19: Interview Results – Challenges • Under the arrangement between Albert Lea Wastewater Treatment Plant and its local utility, the local utility installed, maintained, and operated the CHP system for five years; 2010 was the first year in which the facility operated and maintained the CHP system itself. The facility noted that the five years of O&M provided by the local utility essentially constituted an extended training period for the facility’s staff. • Under the Master Energy Savings agreement between the Allentown Wastewater Treatment Plant and its local utility, the facility is paying the local utility a fee to maintain and operate the CHP system until 2014. • The Des Moines Metro Wastewater Reclamation Facility noted that operating and maintaining its reciprocating engines has been a challenge. The environment is noisy, oily, and physically demanding. The facility described the importance of not only training its staff to maintain and operate the CHP system, but also getting them to take ownership of the equipment. The facility plans to expand its CHP system in the coming years and said that it plans to require the engine manufacturer to provide training. • The Columbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant purchased a maintenance contract from its engine manufacturer. The bulk of the maintenance for the CHP system is supplied through this contract, but the facility still relies on staff to help maintain the system. The biggest challenge reported by the facility is sometimes inadequate response time under the maintenance contract. • The Great Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant reported dealing with high hydrogen sulfide levels, which leads to frequent replacement of its iron sponge and considerable maintenance costs. • The Town of Lewiston Water Pollution Control Center initially had much higher moisture levels than planned and had to incorporate better moisture removal equipment. • Allentown Wastewater Treatment Plant’s CHP system did not initially include a gas conditioning system, which led to significant downtime. Hydrogen sulfide and siloxanes in the digester gas damaged the compressors and microturbines. The utility subsequently installed a gas conditioning system but noted that the facility still experiences a significant amount of downtime as a result of the lack of redundancy in 35PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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