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Table 20: Interview Results – Operational Insights Topic Key Insights Organizational Acceptance Utility Relationship Highlevel buyin for CHP can greatly facilitate project approval. A CHP champion is needed to get the project off the ground and for continual successful operation. Aligning the project with community goals for renewable energy/energy efficiency can serve as a great justification for the project. Immediate and continuing coordination with the local utility is highly recommended. Issues such as interconnection, sales of excess power, and potential changes in utility rates all require close communication with the local utility and can require significant time to resolve. Identifying opportunities for collaboration or partnership with the local utility can be highly beneficial (e.g., master energy savings agreement, sale of RECs, other ownership/O&M agreements). In some cases, blending digester gas with natural gas may help maintain desired heat content and composition. WWTFs should consider outside waste streams and sludge pretreatment to improve quantity and quality of digester biogas, but also consider the facility requirements to receive and process these wastes during the design process. WWTFs should institute a preventive maintenance schedule instead of reactive maintenance. WWTFs need to be aware of the maintenance issues related to fuel treatment, including siloxane deposits on CHP equipment. Improper maintenance will lead to more frequent maintenance intervals. A comprehensive design/build/operation/maintenance agreement can greatly simplify the process of installing and operating CHP for WWTFs. Even if the maintenance agreement expires after a certain number of years, a facility can gain valuable training experience over that time. CHP projects require due diligence from design through O&M. It is important for facilities to ensure that any consultants or project developers hired are fully versed in all aspects of design, installation, and O&M of CHP systems at WWTFs. WWTFs want to avoid “problem fatigue” that can arise from a poorly designed system and can lead to system shutdown. WWTFs should ensure that the fuel treatment and compression systems have been designed to satisfy the CHP manufacturer specifications. A rigorous gas pretreatment approach is needed for certain applications—thorough gas analysis and possible gas treatment may be required. System Design WWTFs should familiarize themselves with CHP equipment and processes and see what fits best with their plant and staff experience. A comprehensive review of leading facilities that operate CHP is a good idea. Specific training for O&M personnel is important for successful operation of a CHP system. Having staff that is well trained regarding mechanical and electrical equipment is extremely beneficial. WWTFs should ensure that agreements with CHP developers or suppliers include proper O&M training. WWTFs need to recognize that CHP is a separate function beyond traditional wastewater treatment and should dedicate O&M staff time or contract with a third party to operate and maintain the CHP system. It takes more effort for a WWTF to operate CHP in addition to typical wastewater treatment operations. Operations and Maintenance 39PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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