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Energies 2020, 13, 6163 4 of 18 Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 18 7. 7. The pressure loss of the evaporator reflected only the pressure loss on the heat source side, and The pressure loss of the evaporator reflected only the pressure loss on the heat source side, and only the loss due to friction was considered. only the loss due to friction was considered. 3. Combined HT-PEMFC and ORC System Modeling 3.1. Thermodynamic Model of HT-PEMFC 3.1. Thermodynamic Model of HT-PEMFC Figure 1. Schematic diagram of combined system. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of combined system. The HT-PEMFC model applied in this analysis can be used by setting the operating temperature The HT-PEMFC model applied in this analysis can be used by setting the operating range of 120 to 200 ◦C, the cathode stoichiometric ratio range of 2 to 5, and the CO concentration temperature range of 120 to 200 °C, the cathode stoichiometric ratio range of 2 to 5, and the CO range of 0.1 to 10%. Using a previously studied model as a reference [20,21], it is a one-dimensional concentration range of 0.1 to 10%. Using a previously studied model as a reference [20,21], it is a isothermal model, HT-PEMFC based on PBI, and the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell is as one-dimensional isothermal model, HT-PEMFC based on PBI, and the electrochemical reaction in follows [22]: the fuel cell is as follows [22]: Anode: H2 → 2H+ + 2e− (1) Anode: H2 → 2H+ + 2e− (1) Cathode2H+ + 12 O2 +2e− → H2O (2) Cathode: 2H+ + 1 O2 + 2e− → H2O (2) 21 Overall reaction H2(g) + 2 O2(g) → H2(g) (3) Overall reaction: H2(g) + 1 O2(g) → H2O(g) (3) The overall cell voltage of the stack is calculated through the overpotential loss acting on the cathode and the overpotential loss acting on the anode at the ideal standard potential as shown in the The overall cell voltage of the stack is calculated through the overpotential loss acting on the Equation (4). The overpotential is divided into the activation overpotential (ηact), ohmic overpotential cathode and the overpotential loss acting on the anode at the ideal standard potential as shown in (ηohmic), and concentration overpotential (ηconc) [23]. The activation overpotential is affected by the the Equation (4). The overpotential is divided into the activation overpotential (ηact), ohmic Tafel equation and the charge transfer coefficient while the ohmic overpotential is affected by the overpotential (ηohmic), and concentration overpotential (ηconc) [23]. The activation overpotential is thickness of the membrane and the catalyst. The last term, concentration overpotential, represents the affected by the Tafel equation and the charge transfer coefficient while the ohmic overpotential is effect of cathode stoichiometry. affected by the thickness of the membrane and the catalyst. The last term, concentration The ideal standard potential (Videal) is calculated by the variation of Gibbs free energy (∆gf) overpotential, represents the effect of cathode stoichiometry. through electrochemical reaction and Faraday Constant (F) as shown in Equations (5) and (6), but in The ideal standard potential (Videal) is calculated by the variation of Gibbs free energy (Δgf) this model, the open circuit voltage of a reference [20] is used. through electrochemical reaction and Faraday Constant (F) as shown in Equations (5) and (6), but in this model, the open circuit voltage of a reference [20] is used. 2 Vcell = Vocv − ηact − ηohmic − ηconc (4) Vcell = Vocv − ηact − ηohmic − ηconc (4) ∆gf = gfH2O−gfH2 −gfO2 (5) Δ𝑔𝑓=𝑔𝑓 −𝑔𝑓 −𝑔𝑓 (5) 𝐻2𝑂 𝐻2 𝑂2PDF Image | Combined Power Generation System Based on HT-PEMFC and ORC
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