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Combined Power Generation System Based on HT-PEMFC and ORC

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Combined Power Generation System Based on HT-PEMFC and ORC ( combined-power-generation-system-based-ht-pemfc-and-orc )

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Energies 2020, 13, 6163 3 of 18 generation in the evaporator heat exchanger in the ORC power system, and Jang’s research team conducted a study on the performance of the compact ORC system at the 1 kW-level using a heat source in the range of 100 to 140 ◦C [15,16]. In addition, Jeong’s research team conducted a study on the heat exchange performance and characteristics of the plate heat exchanger for each working fluid operating condition applied to the ORC system [17]. S.C. Yang et al. conducted a pilot study on an ORC power generation system at the 3 kW-level, capable of utilizing waste heat at 100 ◦C [18]. In the case of HT-PEMFC, the inlet temperature and mass flow rate of the coolant must be kept relatively constant in order to secure appropriate power efficiency at a relatively high operating temperature [19]. This is a limiting factor that must be reflected in the operational design of waste heat utilization systems such as ORC power generation and is the reason for the need to optimize the integrated system linked to the stack thermal management system. To this end, it may be useful to introduce a HT-PEMFC and ORC power generation integrated system modeling, as well as a confirmation and verification process of power generation performance and efficiency range according to the application subject and operating conditions. In this study, through an analytical method based on the existing HT-PEMFC and ORC power generation system model, the power generation performance and efficiency range according to the operating conditions of the HT-PEMFC and ORC combined power generation system considering stack thermal management were confirmed, and the rate of change of power generation performance (effect on power generation performance change) for each control factor for the combined power generation system was presented. For this, a system analysis was conducted to predict system performance and efficiency according to changes in operating conditions such as stack operating temperature, current density, and ORC cooling temperature for a combined power generation system composed of a lumped thermal capacity model. 2. System Description Based on HT-PEMFC and ORC Figure 1 shows the model composition for performance prediction and comparative analysis of the combined system consisting of the HT-PEMFC subsystem for cooling of the HT-PEMFC and the ORC subsystem for waste heat recovery power generation. The HT-PEMFC subsystem and the ORC subsystem, each with a fluid flow diagram, share an evaporator. The coolant of the HT-PEMFC subsystem was selected as Tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) since its phase does not change at the operating temperature of HT-PEMFC, which is 423~463 K. It follows the black solid line in Figure 1. The HT-PEMFC subsystem consists of an auxiliary heater/cooler, thermal storage, 3-way valve, cooling pump, and evaporator heat exchanger. The auxiliary heater/cooler is configured to keep the inlet temperature of PEMFC constant regardless of the influence of the ORC subsystem when the thermal power of the HT-PEMFC and the heat supplied to the ORC is not the same during the initial system startup. The 3-way valve is configured to meet the same flow conditions as the thermal power of HT-PEMFC and the heat exchange amount of the ORC evaporator. The cooling pump was controlled so that it would meet the flow condition in which the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of HT-PEMFC satisfies 5 K. To simplify the analysis of this system, the study followed subsequent assumptions: 1. All equipment of the system follows the lumped model and ignores heat loss. 2. The pressure loss in the pipe through which the stack coolant and working fluid travel is ignored. 3. Temperature and cell voltage are evenly distributed over the entire electrode of HT-PEMFC, and the reaction gas mixture is an ideal gas fluid. 4. The cathode charge transfer coefficient and the anode charge transfer coefficient are the same. 5. The isentropic efficiency of the expander is 60%, and the overall efficiency of the refrigerant pump is 50%. 6. In the condenser of the ORC system, the working fluid is sufficiently subcooled, and the existing superheat of the evaporator is 5 K.

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