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Energies 2020, 13, 6586 12 of 26 Table 3. Main performance comparison of four Computer Numerical Control (CNC) grinding machines. HOLROYD KLINGELNBERH TG350E H35R 350 350 ±60 ±60 1160 660 3000 3600 500 500 On-line measurement function +++− On-line measurement function +++− Project Maximum mounting diameter/mm Maximum spiral angle/(◦) The maximum stroke/mm Grinding wheel spindle maximum speed/(r/min) Maximum grinding wheel diameter/mm Maximum workpiece weight Degree of automation Automatic feeding of grinding wheel dressing ++++ KAPP RJ59 SK7032 Compensation for tooth profile error compensation 500 400 high high 320 320 ±60 ±60 500/1000 850 8000 2700 CNB 500 350 +++− Powerful grinding function +++− high high 2.5. Research on Seal of Screw Expander The sealing component is a critical part of the screw expander, and it is also the vulnerable part of the expander. The quality of the seal structure and seal directly affects the economy and reliability of the expander. When the screw expander is applied to the double cycle system such as the organic Rankine cycle and the Kalina cycle, most organic working fluid has toxic, flammable and explosive properties. If leaks of toxic and harmful gases such as butanone and toluene are caused due to sealing component problems, not only environmental pollution but also serious accidents such as fire and personnel poisoning may be caused. At present, the main sealing methods of shaft end seal of screw mechanical are labyrinth seal, floating ring seal, mechanical seal, carbon ring seal, dry gas seal, etc. [50,51]. Labyrinth seals have the advantages of reliable work, simple structure, low energy consumption, and it can be applied to the working conditions of high speed and high temperatures. However, the defect of the labyrinth seal is still obvious. The leakage of the labyrinth is large, which is not suitable for the sealing of poisonous and harmful gases. When the particle is sucked into a labyrinth seal, it not only causes damage to the sealing elements but also contaminates the working fluid. The optimal working condition of the mechanical seal is “semi-liquid working condition.” For pure gas working fluid, the mechanical seal has poor lubrication performance and serious friction of sealing end face, so its application under high pressure and high speed is limited. Due to the limitations of labyrinth seals and mechanical seals, carbon ring seals and dry gas seals have received the attention of people. Carbon ring seal is a floating ring seal, with simple operation and maintenance, sealing good advantages, and it can be widely used in the flammable, toxic medium sealing way. Full of the dry gas seal is called dry running non-contact gas seal, which is a new type of non-contact seal. The dry gas seal was developed based on mechanical seal and spiral groove thrust bearing principle. Dry gas seal has advantages of long service life, stable operation and small sealing power. Compared with other seals, gas leakage of the dry gas seal is tiny, and can realize the zero escape of the medium. It is an environmental protection type seal. With the continuous development of screw machinery, its application continuously expands, and the types and working state of the working fluid are becoming more and more complex and diverse, so the single sealing method is difficult to meet the requirements. In order to meet the requirement of screw mechanical seal, some improvement and optimization are required. Several companies in the United States, Japan, Germany, Sweden and other countries have optimized the sealing of the screw mechanism. Below the shaft seal system of United States I-R (Ingersoll Rand) Company and Japan’s Kobelco will be briefly introduced [52].PDF Image | Development and Application of the Twin Screw Expander
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