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Energies 2020, 13, 6586 14 of 26 2.6. Study on Thermodynamic Model and Simulation Analysis of Screw Expander 2.6.1. Research on the Thermodynamic Model of Screw Expander In the early study of screw machine, most of the research on the thermodynamics and dynamics of screw mechanics focused on the screw compressor, and the research on screw expander was relatively small. Based on a large amount of experimental data, Dunbar and Smith et al. [53] studied the parameters and thermodynamic models of the screw expander. However, the accuracy of the thermodynamic models was poor because it did not consider the influence of leakage, friction, oil and gas exchange heat and other factors. Ziviani D et al. [54–56] considered the leakage loss, friction loss, heat transfer of screw expander, and the thermodynamic model of a screw expander adiabatic expansion process, adiabatic non-isentropic expansion process and leakage and flow loss were established. Through simulation analysis and experiment verification, the results show that the established thermodynamic model had higher accuracy than the previous one. Tian et al. [57] developed a thermodynamic mathematical model to study the performance of twin-screw steam expander under fluctuating operating conditions. In the modeling, the suction pressure loss is taken into account, as well as leakage and heat transfer during the two-phase expansion process. Simulation results show that the filling factor varies 0.82–0.88 and isentropic efficiency varies 0.73-0.83, which proves that the twin-screw expander is an efficient technology in steam pipeline pressure recovery application. Guo et al. [58] established a mathematic model of the expansion process of screw expander. Based on the mathematical model, they studied the influence of cross-sectional area of intake and exhaust holes and the drag coefficient on the efficiency of screw expander by numerical simulation. 2.6.2. Research on Simulation Analysis of Screw Expander Geometric modelling is the foundation of the three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of screw expander, and computer-aided design could provide benefits for accurate identification of geometric parameters. Buckney et al. [59] calculated geometric parameters of screw compressor such as volume, gradient and cross-section, leakage flow, and blow-hole areas by 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD). Seshaiah et al. [60] carried out mathematical analysis of the oil injected twin-screw compressor on the basis of the laws of perfect gas and standard thermodynamic relations to analyze the effect of certain compressor operating and design parameters on the performance. They concluded that inter-lobe clearance and rotational speed greatly affect the efficiency and P-V diagram. Papes et al. [61] presented a multi-chamber mathematical model of a twin screw expander to predict its performance. In order to calculate the mass flow rates through leakage paths more accurately, flow coefficients used in the converging nozzle model were derived from 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) calculation. The maximal deviation between predictions by the developed model and 3D CFD calculations of the complete machine is around 5% for the mass flow rate and the power output. Kovacevic et al. [62] built the 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of twin screw expander to estimate pressure-angle diagrams, mass flow rates and expansion power at different operating conditions and obtain the overall performance predictions by simulation agreed very well with measured data. Nikolov et al. [63] analyzed the influence of the thermal deformation on the machine performance, in particular based on an iterative coupling of thermodynamic and thermal simulations. The results of the thermodynamic simulation, mainly based on the so-called chamber models, represent the thermodynamic and fluid dynamic performance of the screw machine by means of mass and energy conservation.PDF Image | Development and Application of the Twin Screw Expander
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