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Sustainability 2020, 12, 20 17 of 21 5. Conclusions Considering the hydroelectric potential of Ecuador, an energy combination is observed where hydropower and other renewable sources would have a greater participation, such as those that reduce the production of CO2 emissions. The increasing use of hydropower in recent years has played a fundamental role in reducing CO2 emissions. The development of renewable energies is important for Ecuador, though policies are needed to facilitate a greater supply of clean energy. The use of energy from natural sources must be encouraged. Projects such as The Metro in Quito and the Tram in Cuenca are the beginning of a transition toward a more sustainable public transport model. The use of hydropower should also be promoted, as well as fossil fuel replacement policies, the use of induction cookers instead of LPG, and the use of electric vehicles for light transportation and passengers. The replacement of fuels modifies the intensity of energy due to its different level of efficiency. Considering that fossil fuels are a main source of total energy consumption, it is a must for Ecuador to improve energy efficiency due to a reduction of expenses throughout the energy chain, decrease in emissions and improvement in the country’s productivity. The industrial sector must continue with projects that improve its performance, and it is essential to change energies, meaning the industrial sector must migrate to more efficient sources of energy. It is necessary to replace inefficient equipment, such as engines, pumps, boilers, and water heaters in industry, as well as to apply cogeneration systems and embrace an energy management system. Considering the importance of renewable energy in Ecuador, we recommend promoting the development of a market of Energy Services Companies, which would generate income and encourage improvement measures in the industrial sector. This would lead to savings obtained by the decrease of energy consumption. It is necessary to increase the efficient use of energy in residential, commercial, and public buildings, through regulations on the habitability criteria in the buildings. We must strengthen equipment replacement programs with higher energy consumption and appliance labeling, and replace public lighting luminaires with more efficient ones, as well as strengthening the energy efficiency program for induction cooking and water heating with electricity. The creation and improvement of technical capacities in this area of energy efficiency should be encouraged; the training, certification, and accreditation of experts in energy efficiency and energy management should be promoted, in order to incorporate best practices and standards in the different sectors of Ecuador. Author Contributions: Investigation F.R.A.M.; conceptualization, F.R.A.M. and L.J.M.; methodology, F.R.A.M. and L.J.M.; software, F.R.A.M. and L.J.M.; writing—original draft preparation F.R.A.M.; writing—review and editing F.R.A.M. and L.J.M.; supervision L.J.M.; validation L.J.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. CO2.earth. Earth’s CO2 Home Page, September 2019. Available online: https://www.co2.earth/earths-co2- main-page (accessed on 30 October 2019). 2. UN Environment. United Nations Environment Programme. Available online: https://www.unenvironment. org/explore-topics/climate-change/about-climate-change (accessed on 29 October 2019). 3. Querol, X.; Baldasano, J.; Boldo, E.; Borge, R.; Casanova, J.; Castro, T.; Cristóbal, Á.; Lanzani, G.; Lumbreras, J.; Lutz, M.; et al. Air Quality in Cities. A Global Challenge; Fundació Naturgy: Barcelona, Spain, 2018. 4. Fogarty, D. The Straits Times, 6 December 2018. Available online: https://www.straitstimes.com/world/study- global-co2-emissions-to-hit-record-in-2018 (accessed on 30 October 2019).PDF Image | Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions in Ecuador
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