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E. A. Emam/Petroleum & Coal 57(5) 532-555, 2015 552 [19] Ezersky, A.; Lips, H.: Characterisation of refinery flare emissions: assumptions, assertions and AP-42, Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), 2003. [20] Mohantyb, C.R.; Adapalaa, S.; Meikapa, B.C.: J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 165, 427-434. [21] Mochida, I.; Koraia, Y.; Shirahama, M.; Kawano, S.; Hada, T.; Seo, Y.; Yoshikawa, M.; Yasutake, A.: Carbon, 2000, 38, 227-239. [22] Ezersky, A.; Guy, B.: Proposed regulation 12, Rule 11: Flare monitoring at petroleum refineries. 2003. [23] Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR) and the World Bank, Guidelines on flare and vent measurement, 700, 900-6 Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2P 3K2 Canada,(Sep. 2008). [24] McMahon, M.: Estimating the atmospheric emission from elevated flares. BP Amoco Suhubury Report, 1994. [25] EPA, Office of Air and Radiation. AP 42, 5th ed. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, CH 13: Miscellaneous Sour- ces, 1995. [26] Leahey, D.M.; Preston, K.; Strosher, M.: J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 2001, 51, 1610-1616. [27] Strosher, M.T.: J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 2000, 50(10), 1723-1733. [28] U.S, EPA, Emission standards division, Control Technologies, Vol. 1B, November 1992. [29] EPA, EPA Enforcement targets flaring efficiency violations. Enforcement Alert, 10 (5), Aug. 2012. EPA 325-F-012-002. [30] Kinzhikov, A.; Poussenkova, N.: Russian associated gas utilization: problems and prospects. World Wildlife Federation-Russia- Institute of World Economy and Inter- national Relations. 2009. [31] GAO, Natural gas flaring and venting: opportunities to improve data and reduce emissions. Retrieved Nov. 1, 2012, from U.S. Government Accountability Office, (2004, July). Available at: http://www.gao.gov/assets/250/243433.pdf. [32] Gulaga, C.: Flare measurement–A Global Perspective. (March 2, 2014). Available at: http://imeccorp.ca/blog/flare-measurement-a-global-perspective-part-1/ [33] Rao, R.S.; Krishna, KVSG M.; Subrahmanyam, A.: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2014, 3(16), 23-26. [34] Olin, M.J.: A Sierra whitepaper. Flare gas mass flow metering innovations promise more economical choices. 2014. Available at: http://www.controlglobal.com/assets/14WPpdf/140311-Sierra-FlareGas.pdf. [35] World Bank Group, Initiative to reduce global gas flaring. Sep. 2014. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/09/22/initiative-to-reduce-global- gas-flaring. [36] Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. Regulations to measurement of fuel and flare gas for calculation of CO2 tax in the petroleum activities. Aug. 1993. ISBN 82-7257-395-4 [37] Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, Guide 60. TBA, 2005. [38] Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) by Clearstone Engineering Ltd., (May 2002), Estimation of flaring and venting volumes from upstream oil and gas facilities, Review by July 2005. Available at: http://www.oilandgasbmps.org/docs/GEN23-hniquestomeasureupstreamflaringand venting.pdf [39] BC Oil & Gas Commission. Flaring and venting reduction guideline. Version 4.4, April 2015. Available at: http://www.bcogc.ca/node/5916/download [40] Alberta Energy and Utilities Board. Directive 017: Measurement requirements for upstream oil and gas operations. Feb. 1, 2005. [41] Global Gas Flaring Reduction. Monitoring & reporting guidelines for flare reduction CDM projects. Oil & Gas CDM/JI Methodology Workgroup. Sep. 2010. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGGFR/Resources/Monitoring_Reporting_Guid elines.pdfPDF Image | GAS FLARING IN INDUSTRY
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