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-2- The gas-turbine unit is a power plant consisting essentially of an air compressor, a combustion chamber in which the temperature and velocity of the air are increased greatly by burning fuel, and a turbine driven by the hot gas in much the same fashion as steam turbines arc driven by heated water vapor. In the gas turbine the compressor and combustion chamber replace the boiler of a steam plant and are much smaller and lighter. The steam plant requires relatively pure water, while the gas turbine requires no water at all. However the gas turbine requires an efficient air compressor and much power is required to drive this compressor. The corresponding compression in the steam plant is accomplished x/ithin the bo,iler by heating the steam. The steam plant can operate on coal, while the application of solid fuels in gas turbines is in the development stage. The steam plant can be started by merely firing up the boiler, while the gas turbine must be started by. other means, since there can be no combustion until the compressor is in operation and the compressor does not rotate until power is being developed by the turbine. The turbo-jet engine is a gas-turbine unit in which the turbine develops only enough power to drive the air compressor. The forward thrust of the txirbo-jet engine is derived from the high-velocity jet which emerges from the turbine. It is obvious that the primary application of the turbo-jet engine is as a power plant for aircraft. If the turbine of a gas-turbine unit is designed to develop more power than that required to run the air compressor, xtfhich can be done by adding more turbine stages, the excess power developed by the multi-stage turbine can be utilized to drive an electric generator, propeller, or any other chosen machine. Per flight application in which the turbine drives a pro- peller, the engine is usually called a turbo-prop or a prop-jot engine. Naturally the jet emerging from the turbine of such an engine is also utilized for its contribution to the forward thrust, though it has a lower velocity, and hence contributes less to the thrust than the jet from a turbo-jet. It has been pointed out that ga.s- turbine units have compressors and turbines. The ram-jet engine operates upon the same principle of propulsion, but has neither a mechanical compressor nor turbine. The ram jet derives its name from the fa.ct that it picks up its air by virtue of its forward motion, which is commonly called its ram. Obviously combustioh cannot be started in a ram jet at rest, so that such a, device must be launched by rockets or from an aircraft before it can become self-propulsive. The ram jet is sometimes called an athodyd, a word created from various letters appearing in the expression aoro—thermodynamic duct, xirhich was used formerly in referring to this device. Although the ram jet has no mechanical compressor, this docs not mean that the air in its combustion chamber is at the same pressure as the air through which the device is moving. Actually the air entering the ram-jet engine is compressed without the use of any moving parts by passage throughPDF Image | GAS TURBINES AND JET PROPULSION INTRODUCTION 1947
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