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GAS TURBINES AND JET PROPULSION INTRODUCTION 1947

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GAS TURBINES AND JET PROPULSION INTRODUCTION 1947 ( gas-turbines-and-jet-propulsion-introduction-1947 )

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-li- the pressure in the combustion chamber to fall below that of the atmosphere. When this condition is attained, atmospheric air opens the valves and rushes into the combustion chamber. Thus the pulse jet will operate while station- ary, once a single explosion is set off in the combustion chamber. However, when the pulse jet is moving forward, ordinary ram also adds to the quantity of air entering through the valves, so that greater thrust can be developed when the engine is moving forward. In all jet engines the ignition can be shut off once combustion is started. Since there are intermittent explosions in the pulse jet it might be thought that a continuous or a timed spark would be required. However this is not the case ordinarily, since, after the first explosion, successive charges are ignited by contact with hot gas or hot metal parts. The frequency of the explosions in a pulse jet is determined by the dimensions of the unit, which acts somewhat like an organ pipe. The theory of this type of power plant is more complicated and less completely understood than that of other types of jet engine. 'THE RATING OE JET ENGINES In rating power plants which do not utilize jets for propulsion, the concepts of power and efficiency have been found most useful, primarily because these characteristics of a given engine do not vary greatly with flight velocity. This is not true for a jet engine, for which the power is the product of thrust and forward velocity, provided that the velocity has resulted solely from the action of the jet engine being considered. Thus if a jet engine is to be rated on a power basis, great care must be exercised in specifying the operating conditions, particularly the flight velocity. On the other hand, the thrust or force produced by a jet is much less dependent upon the operating conditions than is the power, and the thrust is therefore a more useful characteristic of the jet engine. As an example, consider the operation of a reciprocating engine and of a jet engine on a test stand, The former develops power which must be absorbed and which can be measured by means of torquemeter, brake, or dynamometer. The jet engine requires no such power absorber, since no power is developed. However a forward thrust, which can be perceived and measured readily, is developed by the jet and in this instance is called the static thrust to indicate that it is developed when the .engine is at rest with respect to the earth and its atmosphere., , If it is felt desirable, for comparative purposes, to express the rating of a jet engine in terms of power, this can bo done if both the thrust and velocity are known, but only when the engine being rated is solely responsi- ble for all the velocity which has been attained. Under these circumstances the power is the product of thrust and velocity, and is usually designated

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