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-5- as thrust pother * Thrust power nay be expressed in ft T.b/scc, and if a larger unit such as one horsepox’/cr = 55^ ft lb/sec is used, then the expression thrust horsepower is applied. It is meaningless to say that a particular jet engine is a 1000 HP engine, and it is also meaningless to say that this engine develops 1000 lb of thrust. However if the engine develops 1000 lb of thrust when it is the sole source of thrust in an aircraft which has attained a forward velocity of 55^ ft per sec in level flight, it is perfectly definite to say that the engine develops 1 1000 lb of thrust at 55^ ft per sec. The thrust power under these conditions is 1000 x 550 - .550*000. ft lb/soc, and the thrust horsopoxfei* is 550*000/550 = 1000. Only at a velocity of 55O ft per sec are the thrust in lb and the thrust horsepower equal numerically. In the turbo-jet engine the power developed by the turbine is always equal -to the power required to drive the compressor and accessories. This turbine power can be rated in the same way as that of more familiar types of turbines. The power of the turbine is .several times the -thrust' power of the jet, but is not available for any purpose except driving the compressor and accessories. In the prop-jet engine the turbine develops more power than is required to drive the compressor, and the excess' is used to drive a propeller. The power developed at the propeller shaft can be rated in the usual way in terms of shaft horsepower. Added to this shaft power is the thrust power of the jet, whichagainvarieswithforwardvelocity. Hencetheratingofahypothetical prop-jet engine might be as follows: 2000 shaft horsepower at 10,000 rpm, plus J>00 lb static thrust at sea level. It is even more difficult to apply the concept of efficiency than of power to jet engines.. Actually the numerical value of efficiency depends upon the system of reference, and there has been no general ’ agreement as to the most useful definition. It is probably better for the uninitiated to omit considerations of efficiency and to think in terms of more definite terms such as specific fuel consumption, specific impulse, and ratio of weight to thrust. The expression specific fuel consumption is used somewhat loosely to mean one of the following! (a) lb of" fuel consumed per lb of thrust per hr, which, for a turbo-jet engine, might bo 1.3 lb/lb hr; (b)' lb of fuel consumed per lb of thrust per see, which, for a. ram jet at sea level might be 0.001 Ib/lb sec at 1500 mi/hr and 0.005 lb/lb sec at 3.OO mi/hr for the same engine; and (c) lb of fuel consumed per thrust horsepower hr, which, for the turbo—jet engine mentioned in (a) would bo 1.3 lb/thrust HP hr at 375 mi/hr. Hence caution must be exercised in comparing existing numerical -values of specific-fuel consumption. . Specific impulse is the thrust obtained per unit weight of fuel consumed per unit time.PDF Image | GAS TURBINES AND JET PROPULSION INTRODUCTION 1947
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