PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 026
teen passengers and three crewmembers had perished when the DC-2 dove nose first into a small gully near Clifton, Pennsylvania, 10 miles from Pittsburgh. It did not take inves- tigators long to establish the cause of the accident. Observers who reached the scene of the crash reported that 1.5 inches of ice remained on the leading edge of the ailerons and on the wing tips of the shattered airplane, which had not burned. A report of the Accident Board of the Bureau of Air Commerce confirmed the initial findings—ice had brought down one of TWA’s new transports.26 The TWA crash set in motion a chain of events that would bring the NACA back into icing research. The committee had done little in this area since 1931. The small icing tunnel at Langley had rarely been used. The last experiment in the tunnel—a test of an ice-phobic substance—had taken place in August 1935, and there had been no plans for any further use of the facility. The aerodynamicists at Langley did not think highly of the pneumatic boot system, which they believed caused drag. As far as they were concerned, researchers Theodorsen and Clay had demonstrated in 1931 that the application of heat was the answer to the icing problem. The fact that manufacturers had been slow to engineer such a system was not the concern of the NACA.27 In the wake of the TWA accident, however, icing became an issue that the NACA could not ignore. On 8 April 1937, Paul E. Richter, vice president in charge of opera- tions for TWA, wrote to Rear Adm. A. B. Cook, chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, seeking his assistance in persuading the NACA “to proceed at the earliest instant with an investigation of ice formations which must produce solutions to every aspect of the problem.” No transport company, Richter emphasized, had “the personnel or facilities to undertake the scientific program necessary to solve this vital problem.”28 Cook was quick to lend his support to Richter’s request. Two weeks later, he informed Dr. Lewis that despite the NACA’s earlier work, the problem of icing “has not been completely solved.” The NACA, therefore, should “continue these investigations, particularly in reference to formations [of ice] on wings and control surfaces.” A suc- cessful solution to the icing problem, he emphasized, had both commercial and military value and should be given “the highest priority.”29 Lewis forwarded Cook’s letter to engineer-in-charge Reid at Langley. Reid, in turn, sought the views of Smith J. DeFrance, senior aeronautical engineer at the laboratory. The Beginning of Icing Research 26 New York Times, 26 and 27 March and 5 May 1937. 27 William C. Clay to Chief, Aerodynamics Division, 28 August 1935; H. J. E. Reid to NACA, 8 April 1937; Smith J. DeFrance to Engineer-in-Charge, 20 May 1937; all in RA 247, Langley Library. 28 Richter to Cook, 8 April 1937, RA 247, Langley Library. In his letter to Cook, Richter noted that he had sent a similar request to General A. W. Robbins, commanding officer of the Air Corps’ Materiel Division. 29 Cook to Lewis, 24 April 1937, RA 247, Langley Library. 13PDF Image | History of NASA Icing Research Tunnel
PDF Search Title:
History of NASA Icing Research TunnelOriginal File Name Searched:
sp4226.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)