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“We Freeze to Please” DeFrance recommended that any icing tests be conducted in flight. A model airfoil could be attached to a research airplane together with a water-spray system so that photographs could be taken of ice formations. Because of the size of the model, the tests could not be done in the existing refrigerated wind tunnel, and he would not recommend “that a larger tunnel be constructed.” The water-spray method on an airfoil attached to an air- plane, he concluded, would produce better results than tunnel research and would be far more economical. Reid endorsed DeFrance’s views, which he passed along to Lewis as the position of the Langley laboratory.30 The Langley laboratory, however, would not have the last word on the matter of icing research. Edward P. Warner, influential chairman of the NACA’s Aerodynamics Committee, not only wanted the NACA to proceed with an investigation of icing, but also believed that it should be done with the assistance of a new and larger refrigerated wind tunnel. With Warner’s strong support, the Aerodynamics Committee recom- mended that a refrigerated wind tunnel be built. Icing, Warner told his colleagues, was considered by many commercial pilots to be their worst problem. The NACA’s Executive Committee endorsed the recommendation of the Aerodynamics Committee, which was then approved by the full Committee on 6 June 1937.31 In mid-June, Lewis visited Langley to discuss “the problem” of a large refrigerated wind tunnel. The proposed facility, he told DeFrance and Eastman N. Jacobs, would accomplish two purposes. Not only would it be used for icing experiments, but it would be the model for Jacobs’s long-desired low-turbulence variable-density wind tunnel (VDT) as well. Appropriations had been provided in funds for 1939 to build the pres- surized two-dimensional, low-turbulence facility that Jacobs needed for his work with laminar-flow airfoils. The Bureau of the Budget, however, required complete plans and specifications for the VDT tunnel by 1 July 1938. Jacobs could use the icing tunnel as his model to secure the necessary information to design the VDT.32 Construction of the icing tunnel began early in 1938. W. Kemble Johnson recalls being asked by construction administrator Edward Raymond Sharp to head a major project to build a new wind tunnel at Langley and to modify existing tunnels and other facilities. The money for the project, Sharp said, would come from “post-account” funds 30 DeFrance to Reid, 30 April 1937; Reid to Lewis, 4 May 1937; both in RA 247, Langley Library. 31 Lewis to Joseph S. Ames, 26 April 1938, RA 247, Langley Library. 32 Lewis to Ames, 26 June 1937, and 26 April 1938; both in RA 247, Langley Library. James R. Hansen, Engineer in Charge: A History of the Langley Memorial Laboratory, 1917–1958 (NASA SP-4305, 1987), p. 110, contends that Lewis had always intended the tunnel to be used as a variable-density facility and that labelling it an icing tunnel had been “a necessary political subterfuge.” There is no indication of this in the material in RA 247. 14PDF Image | History of NASA Icing Research Tunnel
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