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Chapter 6 Full Speed Ahead The improvements in the IRT, Reinmann observed shortly after the tunnel reopened in 1988, not only increased the productivity of the facility, but they also provided new test capabilities. The need for these new capabilities was soon demonstrated when NASA agreed to conduct a joint test program in the IRT with the Boeing Airplane Company to evaluate ground de-icing fluids. The tests would require a rapid increase in airspeed to simulate takeoff, which could not have been done with the old drive motor and controls. The Air Florida accident in 1982 had focused attention on the largely neglected sub- ject of ground de-icing fluids. How long did these fluids last under a variety of weather conditions? How did they affect aircraft performance, stability, and control? It turned out that there were few reliable answers to these questions. In North America, de-icing had been accomplished by spraying aircraft with a mixture of ethylene glycol and hot water. This solution lowered the freezing point of precipitation in both its liquid and crystal (ice) phases. The glycol solution was economical and easily applied; however, it provided protection for only a limited time and had to be frequently reapplied. In Europe, the Association of European Airlines (AEA) used a similar fluid, known at AEA Type I, and a thickened mixture, which was designated AEA Type II.1 In the days after the Air Florida accident, U.S. airlines began to take an interest in European de-icing fluids, especially Type IIs. Using a polymer thickener, Type IIs had the consistency of a gel when there was no air flowing over the surface; with airflow, such as during takeoff, the shearing action reduced the viscosity appreciably. They provided much longer protection than the Type Is, but information on the effect of these fluids on takeoff performance remained sketchy. Responding to airline concerns about the possible aerodynamic effects of the AEA fluids, Boeing performed a series of tests in its small-scale wind tunnel, using 10-inch and 1 Reinmann, “Icing: Accretion, Detection, Protection,” in Advisory Group for Aerospace Research & Development (AGARD), Lecture Series 197: Flight in an Adverse Environment (NATO, 1994), pp. 4.1 to 4.27. 105PDF Image | History of NASA Icing Research Tunnel
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