PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 002
Energies 2020, 13, 5043 2 of 20 Dual chambered solid oxide fuel cells (DC-SOFC) are highly efficient, but suffer from limited fuel flexibility due to carbon coking with hydrocarbon fuels [15]. Fuel reformers or catalysts address coking but increase complexity and cost. DC-SOFC also have low thermal endurance leading to sealant failure and performance reduction under cycling load [16,17], so they are not a good candidate for long-term practical applications. Flame-assisted fuel cells (FFC), and the related direct flame fuel cells (DFFCs) [18–22], were developed to overcome the limitations of DC-SOFC [23–29]. In the FFC setup, fuel-rich combustion (i.e., partial oxidation) generates syngas (i.e., H2 and CO), which generates power in the SOFC [28]. Lean combustion of the remaining fuel maximizes heat recovery [28,30]. Integration of FFC with NG fueled combustion subsystems can lead to improvements in thermal cycling and an increase in the overall system efficiency while reducing the complexity and cost compared to a DC-SOFC system [25,29,31]. Recently, a paper investigating the integration of FFC with an air Brayton cycle has shown a significant increase in net electrical efficiency due to the integration [32]. Along the same lines, the FFC with a sCO2 turbine, proposed in this paper, aims to achieve electrical efficiency gains at a lower cost compared to integration with a traditional SOFC system. Further decrease in CO2 emissions can be achieved by CO2 sequestration, which has been investigated recently [33–35]. Integrating CO2 sequestration with common power cycles leads to efficiency and cost penalties [36,37], which must be minimized. The approach we examine here relies on low temperature (323–473 K depending on the material) thermally-driven adsorption/desorption cycle for air separation [38,39] to provide pure oxygen to the power cycle. Using pure oxygen produces an exhaust stream containing only CO2 and water vapor, which after condensing the water vapor, is sequestration-ready. In the activation step of the sorption cycle, a high surface area solid sorbent with adsorbed oxygen is heated, leading to O2 desorption. In the pumping step, oxygen from air exothermically chemisorbs on the surface (either molecular or dissociative) [38]. Due to the low temperature requirement, the heat required for the activation step can make use of the heat rejected by the sCO2 cycle. With CO2 removal from the exhaust, the FFC-sCO2 turbine hybrid (FFCTH) can be a zero carbon emissions power and heat generation system. Here, we analyze the combined approach to emissions-free, CO2 sequestration-ready, NG power generation, via the integration of a FFC and sorption air separation, with a sCO2 Brayton cycle. The FCC and sCO2 turbine generates power; heat recovery makes this FFCTH a combined heat and power (CHP) system. This analysis investigates the benefits of the FFCTH integration showing a plausible path to zero emissions, high efficiency, combined heat, and power. 2. Theory This section establishes the theory of the overall concept and the individual components in the FFCTH. We first show a detailed analysis of the contribution from each component in the overall system. Following this component analysis, we provide a description of the experimental setup for testing the FFC along with the materials and methods used to conduct the experiment. Lastly, we use the results from the experiments in the theoretical analysis to evaluate the concept further. 2.1. Theoretical Basis: sCO2 Cycle, FFCs, Air Separation, and System Level 2.1.1. Standard sCO2 Brayton Cycle This section reviews the theory of a standard sCO2 Brayton cycle with recuperation and recompression, to provide a baseline for performance of a standalone sCO2 cycle. Figure 1 shows a schematic of a standard sCO2 cycle with recuperation and recompression [40]. At state 1, 53% of CO2 at a pressure of 7.5 MPa and a temperature of 300 K enters the system where it is compressed to a higher pressure and reaches state 2. Meanwhile, the secondary compressor compresses the rest of the CO2, which starts at the same pressure, but higher temperature and reaches state 2a.PDF Image | Hybrid Fuel Cell Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle CO2 Storage
PDF Search Title:
Hybrid Fuel Cell Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle CO2 StorageOriginal File Name Searched:
energies-13-05043-v3.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |