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Current Status of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies Industry uses a wide variety of waste heat recovery equipment offered by a number of suppliers in United States and from other countries. Much of this equipment is designed for specific crosscutting industrial applications. There is no standard method for classifying this equipment; in many cases the manufacturers offer application-specific designs. Commonly Used Waste Heat Recovery Systems A summary of conventional or commonly used waste heat recovery technologies for various temperature ranges is found in Exhibit 14. Exhibit 14: Commonly Used Waste Heat Recovery Systems by Temperature Range Ultra-High Temperature (>1600°F or 870°C) High Temperature (1200° to 1600°F OR 650° to 870°C) Medium Temperature (600° to 1200°F OR 315° to 650°C) Low Temperature (250° to 600°F OR 120° to 315°C) Ultra-Low Temperature (< 250°F or 120°C) Refractory (ceramic) regenerators Heat recovery boilers Regenerative burners Radiation recuperator Waste heat boilers including steam turbine- generator based power generation Load or charge preheating Convection recuperator (metallic) – mostly tubular Radiation recuperator Regenerative burners Heat recovery boilers Waste heat boilers including steam turbine-generator based power generation Metallic heat wheels (regenerative system) Load or charge preheating Convection recuperator (metallic) of many different designs Finned tube heat exchanger (economizers) Shell and tube heat exchangers for water and liquid heating Self recuperative burners Waste heat boilers for steam or hot water condensate Load-charge (convection section) preheating Heat pipe exchanger Metallic heat wheel Convection recuperator (metallic) of many different designs Finned tube heat exchanger (economizers) Shell and tube heat exchangers for water and liquid heating Heat pumps Metallic heat wheel Condensing water heaters or heat exchangers Heat pipe exchanger Direct contact water heaters Shell and tube type heat exchangers Plate type heat exchangers Air heaters for waste heat from liquids Heat pumps HVAC applications (i.e., recirculation water heating or glycol-water recirculation) Direct contact water heaters Non-metallic heat exchangers The commonly used systems listed in this table are available from several suppliers and are used on industrial waste heat sources. In most cases, the systems are proven; however, they are continuously being improved in one of the following areas to offer better performance: Design changes to offer higher thermal efficiency in smaller footprint or size Cost reduction through use of better design and manufacturing techniques Improved seals to reduce maintenance or extend the life of the seals Use of different materials to improve heat transfer performance or maintenance cost Design changes to meet customer demands for different or previously untested applications Emerging or Developing Waste Heat Recovery Technologies Exhibit 15 lists emerging technologies that may be used in a few cases, or are in some stage of development and demonstration. Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Page 31PDF Image | Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential
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