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the water to absorb heat from the medium to be cooled, thus lowering its temperature. Evaporated water then passes into the absorber section where it is mixed with a Li Br/H2O solution that is very low in water content. This strong solution (strong in Li Br) tends to absorb the vapor from the evaporator section to form a weaker solution. This is the absorption process that gives the cycle its name. The weak solution is then pumped to the generator section to repeat the cycle. Exhibit A-14: Simplified Absorption Cycle Using Heat Efficiency of cooling system or chillers is indicated by the term “coefficient of performance (COP)” and is defined as cooling output divided by the required heat input. For a single effect unit that does not include extensive heat recovery heat exchangers, COP is in the range of 0.45–0.7. A comparable electrically operated system would have a COP of 4.5–6.0. However, for the absorption units that use waste heat, the operating cost is very small compared to the electrical units. The cost (operating and capital or investment) should include the cost of the unit as installed at the location plus cost for auxiliary condenser equipment (cooling tower, cooling water pumps and cooling water piping). In most cases the cost of absorption system could be 50% higher than the equivalent electrical system. The auxiliary system cost is approximately 33% of the total cost of the system. Power Generation Systems A special category of heat recovery systems use waste heat for electric power generation. This section describes several of these power generation systems that are options for industrial applications and provides a comparison of these technologies. “Conventional plant" using a steam boiler, steam turbine, and generator Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant Ammonia–water systems (i.e., Kalina, Neogen systems) Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Page 58PDF Image | Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential
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