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TA 6M: Waste Heat Recovery Table 6.M.11 Summary of Waste Heat By Type and Associated Barriers,1 continued Type of Waste Heat Associated Barriers to Adoption in U.S. Industry Hot water that contains large amounts of contaminants such as solids from the process or other sources, but does not contain organic liquids or vapors mixed with the water No major technical barriers for cleaning the water (removing the solids) Lack of opportunities to use low-grade heat within the plant or economically justifiable energy conversion systems. Hot water or liquids containing dissolved perceptible solids, dissolved gases (e.g., CO2, O2,and SO2) or liquids No major technical barriers for filtering the water (removing the solids) The presence of SO2, CO2, and other dissolved gases presents problems of high PH values for water use within a plant. Typical water degasification processes (vacuum deaeration, gas transfer membrane, hot water steam injection/stripping deaeration, etc.) are energy intensive and costly. Lack of opportunities to use low-grade heat within the plant or economically justifiable energy conversion systems Hot solids that are cooled after processing in an uncontrolled manner Economically justifiable cooling air collection system Lack of opportunities to use low-temperature heat within the plant or economically justifiable energy conversion systems. Variations in cooling air temperatures and the presence of microscopic particulates prevent their use in combustion system (burners) Hot solids that are cooled after processing using water or air- water mixture. Examples include hot coke, ash, slag, and heat treated parts No major technical barriers for filtering the water (removing the solids) Lack of opportunities to use low-grade heat within the plant or economically justifiable energy conversion systems Hot liquids and vapors that are cooled after thermal processing. Examples include fluids heated in petroleum refining or the chemical, food, mining, or paper industries No major technical barriers for recovering heat if there is sufficient temperature “head” Lack of opportunities to use low-grade heat within the plant or economically justifiable energy conversion systems By-products or waste that is discharged from thermal processes. These materials contain sensible, latent, and chemical heat that is not recovered prior to their disposal.20 Economically justifiable collection system for hot material Economics of processing the material to recover recyclable or useful materials, or combustibles for use of chemical heat Materials are often classified as hazardous materials and need special treatment Cost of recycling or cleaning the residues and treatment of gases or other materials that are produced during the recovery or treatment process Variations in the amount of recoverable materials High-temperature surfaces No practical way of recovering this heat, especially for systems such as rotary kilns or moving surfaces (i.e. conveyors) Low efficiency and cost for advanced surface-mounted energy conversion technologies such as thermoelectric systems Extended surfaces or parts used in furnaces or heaters No practical way of recovering and collecting this heat, especially for systems such as rolls used for a furnace Low efficiency and high cost for advanced surface-mounted energy conversion technologies such as thermoelectric systems 25 QuadrennialTechnologyReview2015PDF Image | Innovating Clean Energy Technologies in Advanced Manufacturing
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