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TA 6M: Waste Heat Recovery R&D Opportunities1,20,21,22,23,24,25 There is a significant opportunity for crosscutting R&D that could meet requirements of many different industries and at the same time fill the gaps in capabilities or performance of the currently available systems. Opportunities in Applied Research Heat transfer: R&D opportunities in heat transfer area include: Enhancement of heat transfer for gases or air to reduce the size of heat exchangers. This could include advancements in heat transfer surfaces in shape, configuration, coatings, and changes in fluid flow patterns through innovative flow patterns, changes in gas compositions, or other methods that could make significant improvements in convection heat transfer for the gases.1 Development of new types of compact heat exchangers. This includes the use of new materials and fabrication techniques to manufacture heat exchangers consisting of a large number of narrow channels. The performance of a heat exchanger in terms of heat transfer is directly related to the characteristic flow diameter. The smaller the diameter, the higher the heat transfer rate,21 but this can also increase the energy used to move it through the channel. Radiation heat transfer enhancement to take advantage of thermal radiation emission properties of gases such as CO2 and H2O that are present in combustion products of commonly used fossil fuels. This may include using re-radiation surfaces or other geometrical modifications.1 Particulate removal or gas cleaning: Particulate removal or gas cleaning related R&D opportunities include: Use of gas cleaning or particulate separation methods that do not require “intrusive” means such as filters for particulate laden exhaust gases in all temperature ranges. Of particular interest is cleaning or filtering of high-temperature gases encountered in industries such as EAF (mini-mills), glass, cement and lime kilns, aluminum melting, and steel melting. Candidate technologies may include: gravity settling chambers for large particles as used in drop-out boxes, mechanical/inertial collectors using aerodynamic separation such as high efficiency cyclones/multi-cyclones, ultra-sonic techniques, hoarer methods used for syngas particulate removal.22 Innovative methods of avoiding or reducing particulate deposition on heat transfer surfaces. This can be used to retard or remove deposits of organic materials (e.g., oil vapors) or inorganic materials (e.g., Boron vapors) present in glass melting furnaces, ash in coal fired boilers, and oxides in steel or aluminum melting furnaces. Particulate removal methods for high-temperature heat transfer surfaces, particularly materials deposited at high temperatures. Gas or vapor separation: Gas or vapor separation related R&D opportunities include: Selective separation of water vapor or steam, CO2, oil, or organic liquid vapors from exhaust gases at high temperatures (greater than the condensation temperature of the selected materials) without the need for cooling the entire gas mass. This may include membranes or other methods such as high- temperature desiccant or molecular sieves to absorb or adsorb water vapor or other gases selectively. For example, Transport Membrane Condenser (TMC) system for the separation of water vapor and recovery of heat from a clean, controlled gas stream.23 26 QuadrennialTechnologyReview2015PDF Image | Innovating Clean Energy Technologies in Advanced Manufacturing
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