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Energies 2021, 14, 365 3 of 13 selected with the objective to evaluate and characterise the performance of TES, especially in the EII integration. In this sense, a case-study considering two different types and natures of PCMs was considered, namely, inorganic molten salts and two different metal- based PCMs were assessed. As an ultimate purpose, the present work aims at boosting and demonstrating the feasibility of PCM-TES systems at industrial scale for recovering wasted energy from EIIs and overcoming the current lack of information, especially at high temperatures. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Methodology of the PCM Feasibility Tool The DSS tool aims at evaluating the feasibility and the replication potential of a PCM- system integration in an EII plant, centred on the retrofitting of furnaces for improving their energy efficiency along the value chain for other plants. It is based on a core algorithm implemented in MATLAB® software created using correlations obtained from modelling numerous study cases. The diagram in Figure 1 describes the methodology steps followed, starting with the introduction of the input data from an industrial plant to the validation of the PCM-TES system configuration. Figure 1. Diagram of methodology, inputs, and outputs for the feasibility tool. Firstly, the user willing to install a PCM-TES is required to enter the input data for the plant processes. The most common waste heat streams include exhaust gases, flaring gases, hot air, or steam. Additionally, it might be possible recovering heat even from hot oil, water after refrigeration processes, and hot waste and products after thermal processing. Typical heat sources examples in the EII are melting and heating furnaces or kilns, boilers, incinerators, thermal treatments, and steam networks. Based on that, the feasibility tool can choose an appropriate PCM adapted to the plant needs (searching in the PCM database, which also provides information regarding melting temperature, costs, and other properties). In function of the input and the PCM properties, relevant parameters of the PCM-TES system configuration are calculated (mass, volume, capacity, cycle period, and investment of the storage system). Waste energy from the previously mentioned sources can be recovered and reused in another plant process or even in other plants (increasing the synergy of industrial parks) for differentPDF Image | Latent Heat Storage for Waste Heat Recovery in the Energy Industry
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